From: Cigarette smoking and risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies
Study excluded
Random effects model
Odds ratio
99% CI
Wendland et al[59]
1.03
0.72–1.48
England et al. [24]
0.94
0.84–1.06
Xiong et al. [60]
0.95
0.85–1.07
Rodrigues et al. Cree [66]
0.96
Rodrigues et al. Non-native [66]