Inclusion Criteria | |
---|---|
 | ≥ 37 weeks gestation (full-term) |
 | Mother 17–35 years old |
 | Singleton pregnancy |
 | Case (fetal growth restricted): <2,500 g birth weight |
 | Control: 3,000 to 4,000 g birth weight |
Exclusion Criteria | |
 | Karyotypic abnormalities, including confined placental mosaicism |
 | Placental abnormalities |
 | Birth defects or syndromic conditions (i.e., Silver-Russell Syndrome) |
 | Pregnancy complications |
 | Preeclampsia |
 | Type 1, Type 2 or gestational diabetes |
 | Meconium staining |
 | Uterine infection |
 | Maternal chronic illnesses (i. e., hypertension, AIDS, hepatitis, endocrinological) |
 | Known illicit drug use |
 | Rh disease |