Table 1 Maternal and family characteristics, income and adverse perinatal outcomes of 117734 singleton births in Nova Scotia, Canada, 1988-2003
From: Magnitude of income-related disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes
Frequency1(%) | ||
|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | ||
Residence in a rural postal code | ||
Yes | 51193 (43.48) | |
No | 66541 (56.52) | |
Birth year | ||
1988-1990 | 29045 (24.67) | |
1991-1993 | 23787 (20.2) | |
1994-1996 | 25395 (21.57) | |
1997-1999 | 18473 (15.69) | |
2000-2003 | 21034 (17.87) | |
Parity | ||
0 | 51002 (43.32) | |
1 | 42775 (36.33) | |
2 | 16813 (14.28) | |
≥3 | 7144 (6.07) | |
Parental composition of family | ||
Female-headed lone-parent family2 | 24642 (20.93) | |
Two-parent family | 93092 (79.07) | |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | ||
<55 | 25246 (23.99) | |
55 - <75 | 58119 (55.22) | |
75 - <90 | 14099 (13.40) | |
≥90 | 7778 (7.39) | |
Weight gained during pregnancy (kg) | ||
0 - ≤10.4 | 20497 (21.3) | |
10.4 - ≤17.7 | 50348 (52.25) | |
17.7 - ≤30 | 24444 (25.37) | |
>30 | 1080 (1.12) | |
Age (years) | ||
<20 | 8963 (7.61) | |
20 - <25 | 26757 (22.73) | |
25 - <30 | 40027 (34) | |
30 - <35 | 30263 (25.7) | |
35 - <40 | 10305 (8.75) | |
≥40 | 1419 (1.21) | |
Smoking status (# of cigarettes per day at time of admission) | ||
Non-smoker | 79664 (73.07) | |
1 - <10 | 8704 (8.0) | |
10- 75 | 23029 (21.12) | |
Known smoker, amount unknown | 1651 (1.51) | |
Gestational diabetes | ||
Yes | 3156 (2.68) | |
No | 114578 (97.32) | |
Prenatal class attendance | ||
Yes | 40376 (39.69) | |
No | 61361 (60.31) | |
Family income | ||
Total family income (after tax)3 | ||
<$5,990.92 | 11773 (10.00) | |
≥$5,990.92 < $9,119.4 | 11773 (10.00) | |
≥$9,119.4 < $14,997.34 | 23547 (20.00) | |
≥$14,997.34 < $20,759.95 | 23548 (20.00) | |
≥$20,759.95 < $28,266.83 | 23546 (20.00) | |
≥28,266.83 | 23547 (20.00) | |
Total family income (before tax)3 | ||
<$6,389 | 12125 (10.3) | |
≥$6,389 - < $9,418 | 12203 (10.36) | |
≥$9,418 - < $17,184 | 24176 (20.53) | |
≥$17,184 - < $25,361 | 24031 (20.41) | |
≥$25,361 - < $35,983 | 23313 (19.8) | |
≥$35,983 | 21886 (18.59) | |
Total family income (after tax) below the low income measure4 | 10973 (9.32) | |
No income from investments | 86310 (73.31) | |
No contribution to Registered Retirement Savings Plan | 82735 (70.27) | |
Adverse perinatal outcomes | ||
Small-for-gestational-age live birth (<3rd percentile) | 3934 (3.41) | |
Large-for-gestational-age live birth (>90th percentile) | 15157 (13.13) | |
Iatrogenic pre-term birth (before 37 weeks)5 | 2316 (2.07) | |
Spontaneous pre-term birth (before 37 weeks) | 4152 (3.66) | |
Post-neonatal death | 197 (0.17) | |
Perinatal death | 909 (0.77) | |