Table 2 Predisposing factors derived from principle factor analysis with varimax rotation for the MSSCQ

Factor 1: Midwife’s attitude with 11 statements

Loadings

1. Skin contact improves mother’s physical health.

0.647

2. Skin contact improves neonate’s physical health.

0.572

3. Skin contact makes mother take better care of the child.

0.764

4. Skin contact improves mother’s success in breastfeeding.

0.727

5. Skin contact improves mother’s satisfaction.

0.803

6. Skin contact improves mother’s mental health.

0.835

7. Skin contact establishes verbal/emotional bonding between midwife and mother.

0.592

8. Skin contact creates a sense of security in the newborn.

0.703

9. Skin contact enhances mother’s love for the newborn.

0.806

10. Skin contact reduces mother’s stress.

0.673

11. Being skilled in performing skin contact by midwife improves the results.

0.479

Test- re-test*

ICC = 0.842

Cronbach’s α coefficient of Factor 1

0.92

Eigen values

13.857

Explained variance (%)

16.50

Factor 3: Newborn’s health with 7 statements

Loadings

12. Skin contact improves newborn’s immunity system.

0.562

13. Skin contact improves the development of the newborn.

0.471

14. Skin contact establishes an emotional bond between parents and the newborn.

0.446

15. Skin contact regulates the newborn’s blood oxygen level.

0.428

16. Skin contact regulates the newborn’s heartbeat.

0.773

17. Skin contact improves the newborn’s breathing.

0.774

18. Skin contact regulates the newborn’s body temperature.

0.695

Test- re-test*

ICC = 0.996

Cronbach’s α coefficient of Factor 3

0.81

Eigen values

3.464

Explained Variance (%)

4.94

Factor 5: Mother’s physical health with 4 statements

Loadings

19. Skin contact accelerates placental delivery.

0.696

20. Skin contact accelerates the uterus’s return to normal.

0.812

21. Skin contact promotes oxytocin release in mother.

0.730

22. Skin contact reduces post-labor bleeding.

0.795

Test- re-test*

ICC = 0.977

Cronbach’s α coefficient of Factor 5

0.84

Eigen values

3.328

Explained variance (%)

3.96

Factor 6: Midwife’s belief about obstacles of performing skin contact with 5 statements

Loadings

23. The newborn’s ill situation hinders skin contact.

0.786

24. Skin contact is not feasible for ill mothers.

0.776

25. Problems of mothers undergoing C-section affect skin contact.

0.823

26. Problems of neonates born to C-section affect skin contact.

0.784

27. Mother’s fatigue caused by nonstandard intervention during labor affects skin contact.

0.652

Test- re-test*

ICC = 0.989

Cronbach’s α coefficient of Factor 6

0.84

Eigen values

2.800

Explained variance (%)

3.33

Factor 7: Midwife’s belief in self-efficacy with 7 statements

Loadings

28. I believe skin contact is essential.

29. I believe skin contact entails positive results.

0.535

30. I believe skin contact is important.

0.711

31. I believe I can perform skin contact with minimum facilities.

0.345

32. I believe my recommendations for skin contact are acceptable for the mother.

0.402

33. I believe I can use my knowledge to perform skin contact.

0.573

34. I believe in positive results of the skin contact and I perform it.

0.581

Test- re-test*

ICC = 0.980

Cronbach’s α coefficient of Factor 7

0.76

Eigen values

2.441

Explained variance (%)

2.91

Factor 8: Mental health with 4 statements

Loadings

35. Skin contact establishes an emotional bond between mother and newborn.

0.640

36. Skin contact improves the acceptance of motherhood role by the mother.

0.750

37. Skin contact creates a sense of security in mother and newborn.

0.659

38. Skin contact results in future attachment between mother and child.

0.612

Test- re-test*

ICC = 1.000

Cronbach’s α coefficient of Factor 8

0.73

Eigen values

2.203

Explained variance (%)

2.62

Total test-re test of predisposing factors structure

ICC = 0.995

Total Cronbach’s α coefficient of predisposing factors structure

0.89

Cumulative Variance (%)

44.64