Infant motor development in rural Vietnam and intrauterine exposures to anaemia, iron deficiency and common mental disorders: a prospective community-based study

Table 1 Social-demographic and psychological characteristics of 418 mothers who were included in analyses and 79 women who were not included

Characteristic	Included	Not included	p-value
Mother age (years), mean [SD]	26.1 [4.8]	25.8 [5.2]	0.55
Education level, No. (%)
Partial or complete primary school (Grades 1–5)	77 (18.4)	15 (18.9)	0.39
Secondary school (Grades 6–9)	223 (53.4)	37 (46.9)
High school (Grades 10–12)	50 (12.0)	8 (10.1)
Any post-secondary education	68 (16.3)	19 (24.1)
Occupation, No. (%)
Farmer	191 (45.7)	31 (39.2)	0.76
Factory, handcraft worker or retailer	131 (31.3)	27 (34.2)
Government or private officer	50 (12.0)	11 (13.9)
Not currently engaged in income-generating activity	46 (11.0)	10 (12.7)
Household wealth index, mean [SD]	−0.01 (1.8)	0.09 (2.1)	0.61
Welcome pregnancy, No. (%)	369 (88.3)	69 (87.3)	0.84
Maternal haemoglobin (g/dL ) – Wave 1, mean [SD]	11.9 (1.2)	11.8 (0.9)	0.91
Maternal ferritin (ng/mL) – Wave 1, median {interquartile range}	64 {39–108}	63 {37–101}	0.55
Maternal height (cm), mean [SD]	153.3 [4.6]	153.2 [4.7]	0.84
Common mental disorders symptoms*, No. (%)
Wave 1	167 (40.0)	38 (48.1)	0.18
Wave 2	106 (28.0)	N/A
Wave 3	41 (10.8)^a	N/A
Wave 4	47 (12.4)^b	N/A

*Common mental disorders symptoms: EPDS-V score ≥ 4; Wave 1: 12–20 weeks of gestation; Wave 2: 32+ weeks of gestation; Wave 3: 8 weeks postpartum; Wave 4: 6 months postpartum; ^a Missing 9 cases; ^b Missing 19 cases.

ISSN: 1471-2393