Table 2 Correlates of prematurity, low birth weight and small for gestational age deliveries of HIV-exposed uninfected infants

A) Univariable analysis

OR [95% CI]

P

OR [95% CI]

P

OR [95% CI]

P

 Female infant

1.1 [0.53-2.3]

0.8

2.3 [0.88-5.8]

0.09

2.7 [1.2-6.2]

0.02

 Married

1.8 [0.42-8.0]

0.4

0.65 [0.18-2.3]

0.5

0.88 [0.25-3.1]

0.8

 Employed

0.87 [0.39-1.9]

0.7

1.0 [0.39-2.8]

0.9

1.0 [0.42-2.4]

>0.9

 Years education

0.89 [0.78-1.0]

0.1

1.1 [0.94-1.3]

0.2

1.1 [0.96-1.3]

0.1

 Age (years)

0.97 [0.89-1.1]

0.5

0.93 [0.83-1.0]

0.2

0.97 [0.89-1.1]

0.5

 Body mass index

0.90 [0.78-1.0]

0.1

0.74 [0.61-0.91]

0.004

0.80 [0.68-0.94]

0.007

 Parity

0.91 [0.68-1.2]

0.6

0.52 [0.30-0.89]

0.02

0.78 [0.53-1.1]

0.2

 Alcohol use

^b

^c

1.7 [0.37-8.2]

0.5

 Bacterial vaginosis

2.1 [0.97-4.4]

0.06

2.1 [0.78-5.6]

0.1

3.2 [1.4-7.3]

0.005

 Candida

0.90 [0.40-2.0]

0.8

1.1 [0.41-3.1]

0.8

0.74 [0.30-1.8]

0.5

 Cervical PMN ≥3 per high-powered field^a

3.2 [1.2-8.9]

0.02

2.9 [0.81-10]

0.1

1.9 [0.75-4.7]

0.2

 Abnormal vaginal discharge

2.4 [1.1-5.2]

0.03

1.8 [0.70-4.7]

0.2

0.89 [0.41-1.9]

0.8

 Cervical blood

5.1 [1.8-14]

0.002

2.5 [0.52-12]

0.3

0.65 [0.083-5.1]

0.7

 Trichomonas vaginalis

0.64 [0.19-2.2]

0.5

0.32 [0.042-2.5]

0.3

0.72 [0.21-2.5]

0.6

 Chlamydia trachomatis

1.7 [0.35-7.8]

0.5

3.4 [0.69-17]

0.1

0.82 [0.10-6.6]

0.9

 Treponema pallidum

^b

1.8 [0.21-15]

0.6

1.1 [0.14-9.2]

0.9

 Any sexually transmitted infection

0.68 [0.25-1.8]

0.4

0.91 [0.30-2.8]

0.9

0.81 [0.29-2.2]

0.7

 CD4 cells/mm³ <350

1.9 [0.90-4.0]

0.09

2.0 [0.79-5.3]

0.1

1.1 [0.50-2.5]

0.8

 CD4 percent <15

3.3 [1.4-7.7]

0.004

1.8 [0.58-5.9]

0.3

1.0 [0.33-3.1]

>0.9

 Log₁₀ HIV plasma HIV-1 RNA load at 32 weeks

1.9 [1.1-3.1]

0.02

1.5 [0.81-2.9]

0.2

1.1 [0.69-1.8]

0.7

 Log₁₀ HIV cervical HIV-1 RNA load at 32 weeks

1.8 [1.3-2.5]

0.001

2.1 [1.4-3.2]

<0.001

1.3 [0.88-1.8]

0.2

Preterm

Low birth weight

Small for gestational age

B) Multivariable analyses

OR [95% CI]

P

OR [95% CI]

P

OR [95% CI]

P

Model 1 (includes plasma HIV-1 RNA load)

 Cervical PMN ≥3 per high-powered field

2.9 [1.2-7.3]

0.02

 Abnormal vaginal discharge

3.1 [1.2-7.9]

0.02

 Log₁₀ HIV plasma HIV-1 RNA load

2.1 [1.1-3.8]

0.03

Model 2 (includes cervical HIV-1 RNA load)

 Cervical PMN ≥3 per high-powered field

2.7 [1.0-7.3]

0.05

 Abnormal vaginal discharge

3.6 [1.2-10]

0.02

 Log₁₀ HIV cervical HIV-1 RNA load

1.6 [1.1-2.4]

0.02

Model 3 (includes CD4 percent <15) ^d

 Cervical PMN ≥3 per high-powered field

3.5 [1.4-8.6]

0.007

 Abnormal vaginal discharge

3.2 [1.3-8.2]

0.01

 CD4 percent <15

2.4 [1.0-5.6]

0.05

Model 4

 Parity

0.46 [0.24-0.88]

0.02

 Log₁₀ HIV cervical HIV-1 RNA load

2.4 [1.5-6.7]

<0.001

Model 5

 Body mass index

0.75 [0.61-0.92]

0.005

 Bacterial vaginosis

3.2 [1.4-7.4]

0.007