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Table 2 Association between immersion in water and main study outcomes by planned place of birth

From: Immersion in water for pain relief and the risk of intrapartum transfer among low risk nulliparous women: secondary analysis of the Birthplace national prospective cohort study

 

Events

Births

Weighted1

Unadjusted1

Adjusted1,2

 

n

n

%

(95% CI)

RR

(95% CI)

RR

(95% CI)

Transfer before birth

Home

        

No immersion

661

1977

32.8

(30.0–35.7)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

625

1999

30.3

(27.9–32.9)

0.93

(0.83–1.03)

0.88

(0.79–0.99)

FMU

        

No immersion

747

2200

31.5

(27.3–36.1)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

590

2594

20.3

(17.2–23.8)

0.64

(0.54–0.76)

0.59

(0.50–0.70)

AMU

        

No immersion

1657

4749

34.5

(31.3–37.8)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

828

2889

28.7

(25.0–32.8)

0.83

(0.73–0.96)

0.78

(0.69–0.88)

No pooled analysis as Wald test for interaction was p = <.001

Intrapartum caesarean section

Home

        

No immersion

150

2000

7.8

(6.1–10.0)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

146

2010

7.5

(6.2–9.1)

0.96

(0.73–1.27)

0.84

(0.63–1.11)

FMU

        

No immersion

170

2216

7.1

(5.4–9.2)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

133

2615

5.0

(4.2–6.0)

0.71

(0.52–0.96)

0.61

(0.44–0.84)

AMU

        

No immersion

356

4801

7.2

(6.1–8.5)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

195

2922

6.9

(5.4–8.7)

0.95

(0.74–1.24)

0.87

(0.67–1.13)

Combined home, FMU and AMU (Wald test p = 0.179)

No immersion

676

9017

7.3

(6.4–8.2)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

474

7547

6.5

(5.6–7.5)

0.90

(0.75–1.08)

0.80

(0.67–0.97)

Straightforward vaginal birth 3

Home

        

No immersion

1521

1985

76.5

(73.6–79.3)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

1517

1999

76.2

(73.8–78.4)

1.00

(0.95–1.04)

1.02

(0.97–1.07)

FMU

        

No immersion

1665

2209

77.2

(73.2–80.8)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

2121

2607

82.3

(79.8–84.5)

1.07

(1.01–1.12)

1.09

(1.04–1.15)

AMU

        

No immersion

3421

4749

72.3

(69.4–75.0)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

2145

2886

73.0

(68.9–76.8)

1.01

(0.95–1.07)

1.05

(0.99–1.10)

Combined home, FMU and AMU (Wald test p = 0.078)

No immersion

6607

8943

73.7

(71.5–75.7)

1

-

1

-

Immersion

5783

7492

76.1

(73.5–78.5)

1.02

(0.98–1.06)

1.05

(1.02–1.09)

  1. 1Weighted to adjust for clustering and each unit’s duration of participation.
  2. 2Adjusted for maternal age, ethnic group, understanding of English, marital/partner status, index of multiple deprivation score quintile, gestation (completed weeks), and planned place of birth in the pooled analysis.
  3. 3The positive risk of a straightforward vaginal birth.
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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