Table 4 Crude and adjusted odds of preterm birth (spontaneous and provider-initiated) associated with maternal morbidities, by region and globally

1.15 (0.92 – 1.42)

1.05 (0.85 – 1.28)

0.99 (0.72 – 1.36)

1.15 (0.85 – 1.57)

1.08 (0.95 – 1.23)

1.06 (0.93 – 1.20)

0.92 (0.76 – 1.11)

0.99 (0.82 – 1.20)

1.10 (1.01 – 1.19)

1.06 (0.96 – 1.17)

0.93 (0.82 – 1.05)

0.99 (0.86 – 1.13)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1.07 (0.97 – 1.18)

1.20 (1.01 – 1.42)*

1.08 (0.94 – 1.23)

1.27 (0.96 – 1.67)

1.34 (0.93 – 1.92)

1.72 (1.15 – 2.58)*

3.47 (2.48 – 4.85)

2.23 (1.48 – 3.38)*

1.38 (1.18 – 1.62)

1.18 (0.92 – 1.53)

7.80 (6.90 – 8.83)

7.43 (5.69 – 9.69)

2.02 (1.44 – 2.83)

1.46 (0.81 – 2.62)

1.91 (0.78 – 4.67)

1.21 (0.75 – 1.96)

1.22 (0.93 – 1.62)

0.91 (0.72 – 1.16)

1.73 (0.94 – 3.19)

1.13 (0.80 – 1.58)

1.51 (1.33 – 1.72)

1.22 (1.04 – 1.43)*

1.33 (0.93 – 1.89)

1.05 (0.92 – 1.19)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

2.00 (1.72 – 2.33)

1.67 (1.32 – 2.11)*

1.06 (0.64 – 1.76)

1.01 (0.84 – 1.21)

1.10 (0.78 – 1.54)

1.17 (0.79 – 1.73)

1.61 (0.75 – 3.42)

1.09 (0.86 – 1.40)

0.91 (0.73 – 1.13)

0.91 (0.66 – 1.24)

0.44 (0.20 – 0.99)

0.91 (0.81 – 1.02)

1.76 (1.06 – 2.92)

1.96 (1.03 – 3.71)*

4.71 (2.06 – 10.75)

1.66 (1.09 – 2.55)*

1.40 (1.02 – 1.93)

1.55 (1.11 – 2.17)*

13.57 (9.74 – 18.91)

3.59 (2.02 – 6.40)*

2.12 (1.88 – 2.41)

1.39 (1.13 – 1.71)*

1.94 (1.56 – 2.41)

1.58 (1.26 – 1.98)*

1.60 (1.46 – 1.76)

1.21 (1.08 – 1.36)*

1.48 (1.26 – 1.73)

1.25 (1.02 – 1.53)*

1.54 (1.45 – 1.64)

1.13 (1.01 – 1.26)*

1.18 (1.05 – 1.32)

1.11 (0.97 – 1.27)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1.53 (1.21 – 1.95)

1.17 (0.78 – 1.77)

1.25 (0.78 – 2.01)

1.30 (0.68 – 2.49)

0.82 (0.60 – 1.12)

1.15 (0.82 – 1.62)

3.83 (2.91 – 5.06)

2.58 (1.59 – 4.19)*

1.64 (1.39 – 1.94)

1.26 (1.00 – 1.59)*

7.69 (6.56 – 9.02)

8.34 (6.54 – 10.64)*

1.77 (1.60 – 1.96)

1.30 (1.10 – 1.52)*

1.65 (1.39 – 1.97)

1.47 (1.23 – 1.77)*

1.36 (1.27 – 1.46)

1.15 (1.06 – 1.24)*

1.35 (1.20 – 1.52)

1.18 (1.02 – 1.36)*

1.38 (1.32 – 1.44)

1.11 (1.04 – 1.19)*

1.16 (1.07 – 1.26)

1.08 (0.98 – 1.19)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

0.93 (0.86 – 1.01)

1.16 (1.01 – 1.33)*

1.17 (1.03 – 1.32)

1.24 (0.96 – 1.59)

1.09 (0.88 – 1.35)

1.41 (1.09 – 1.82)*

3.86 (3.14 – 4.74)

2.51 (1.81 – 3.47)*

1.40 (1.26 – 1.55)

1.25 (1.05 – 1.49)*

8.47 (7.72 – 9.29)

8.17 (6.80 – 9.83)*