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Table 3 Prevalence of preterm birth and maternal risk factors, by country

From: Maternal morbidity and preterm birth in 22 low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey dataset

 

Africa

Latin America

Asia

 

DR Congo

Algeria

Kenya

Niger

Nigeria

Uganda

Argentina

Brazil

Cuba

Ecuador

Mexico

Nicaragua

Paraguay

Peru

Cambodia

China

India

Nepal

Philippine

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Vietnam

Number of liveborn singleton deliveries

3,239

10,493

2,415

1,225

1,433

11,739

4,916

1,890

10,149

8,481

18,316

5,002

2,624

12,803

5,064

8,740

17,199

7,440

8,971

14,037

8,926

7,439

Number of facilities

4

10

2

2

2

7

5

2

9

5

16

4

4

9

4

9

13

6

8

12

9

3

 

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Term births (> = 37 weeks)a

2,829 (87.3)

10,013 (95.4)

2,253 (93.3)

1,110 (90.6)

1,312 (91.6)

10,767 (91.7)

4,432 (90.2)

1,689 (89.4)

9,650 (95.1)

7,895 (93.1)

16,857 (92.0)

4,669 (93.3)

2,367 (90.2)

11,729 (91.6)

4,733 (93.5)

8,247 (94.4)

14,554 (85.0)

6,764 (90.9)

8,230 (91.7)

13,069 (93.1)

7,977 (89.6)

7,129 (95.8)

All preterm births (<37 weeks)a

410 (12.7)

480 (4.6)

162 (6.7)

115 (9.4)

121 (8.4)

972 (8.3)

484 (9.8)

201 (10.6)

499 (4.9)

586 (6.9)

1,459 (8.0)

333 (6.7)

257 (9.8)

1,074 (8.4)

331 (6.5)

493 (5.6)

2,565 (15.0)

676 (9.1)

741 (8.3)

968 (6.9)

929 (10.4)

310 (4.2)

Spontaneous preterm birthb

378 (92.2)

374 (77.9)

153 (94.4)

100 (87.0)

109 (90.1)

876 (90.1)

294 (60.7)

162 (80.6)

257 (51.5)

522 (89.1)

1,019 (69.8)

239 (71.8)

161 (62.6)

682 (63.5)

281 (84.9)

314 (63.7)

2,091 (81.5)

592 (87.6)

642 (86.6)

481 (49.7)

760 (81.8)

263 (84.8)

Provider-initiated preterm birthb

32 (7.8)

106 (22.1)

9 (5.6)

15 (13.0)

12 (9.9)

92 (9.5)

187 (38.6)

39 (19.4)

242 (48.5)

64 (10.9)

439 (30.1)

94 (28.2)

93 (36.2)

392 (36.5)

50 (15.1)

179 (36.3)

474 (18.5)

84 (12.4)

99 (13.4)

487 (50.3)

168 (18.1)

47 (15.2)

Preterm birth, labour status unknownb

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (0.4)

3 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

Medical indicated piPTBc

31 (96.9)

100 (94.3)

8 (88.9)

13 (86.7)

12 (100.0)

72 (78.3)

180 (96.3)

38 (97.4)

236 (97.5)

49 (76.6)

357 (81.3)

83 (88.3)

84 (90.3)

385 (98.2)

49 (98.0)

131 (73.2)

390 (82.3)

82 (97.6)

90 (90.9)

334 (68.6)

151 (89.9)

45 (95.7)

Not medically indicated piPTBc

1 (3.1)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (6.7)

0 (0.0)

4 (4.3)

6 (3.2)

1 (2.6)

0 (0.0)

7 (10.9)

48 (10.9)

11 (11.7)

4 (4.3)

2 (0.5)

1 (2.0)

40 (22.3)

77 (16.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

116 (23.8)

11 (6.5)

2 (4.3)

Indication unknown, piPTBc

1 (3.1)

5 (4.7)

1 (11.1)

1 (6.7)

0 (0.0)

16 (17.4)

1 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

6 (2.5)

8 (12.5)

34 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

5 (5.4)

5 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

8 (4.5)

7 (1.5)

2 (2.4)

9 (9.1)

37 (7.6)

6 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

Maternal morbidities

                      

Maternal heighta

                      

<145 cm

22 (0.7)

17 (0.2)

24 (1.0)

5 (0.4)

120 (8.4)

154 (1.3)

48 (1.0)

15 (0.8)

110 (1.1)

355 (4.2)

401 (2.2)

202 (4.0)

31 (1.2)

491 (3.8)

128 (2.5)

35 (0.4)

721 (4.2)

722 (9.7)

384 (4.3)

772 (5.5)

129 (1.4)

56 (0.8)

145 - 149.9 cm

88 (2.7)

53 (0.5)

89 (3.7)

11 (0.9)

46 (3.2)

503 (4.3)

219 (4.5)

52 (2.8)

448 (4.4)

949 (11.2)

1,327 (7.2)

635 (12.7)

81 (3.1)

1,505 (11.8)

527 (10.4)

122 (1.4)

1,842 (10.8)

1,575 (21.2)

742 (8.3)

2,024 (14.4)

727 (8.1)

341 (4.6)

150 - 154.9 cm

407 (12.6)

693 (6.6)

271 (11.2)

56 (4.6)

255 (17.8)

1,832 (15.6)

848 (17.2)

218 (11.5)

1,686 (16.6)

2,548 (30.0)

4,867 (26.6)

1,769 (35.4)

424 (16.2)

3,776 (29.5)

1,678 (33.1)

1,171 (13.4)

8,667 (50.6)

3,801 (51.1)

2,719 (30.3)

4,569 (32.5)

2,274 (25.5)

2,313 (31.1)

> = 155 cm

2,669 (82.4)

9,686 (92.3)

1,209 (50.1)

1,153 (94.1)

805 (56.2)

8,271 (70.5)

3,141 (63.9)

758 (40.1)

7,905 (77.9)

4,152 (49.0)

10,612 (57.9)

2,396 (47.9)

1,876 (71.5)

6,099 (47.6)

2,644 (52.2)

7,403 (84.7)

5,848 (34.2)

1,334 (17.9)

3,935 (43.9)

6,589 (46.9)

5,663 (63.4)

4,728 (63.6)

Missing

53 (1.6)

44 (0.4)

822 (34.0)

0 (0.0)

207 (14.4)

979 (8.3)

660 (13.4)

847 (44.8)

0 (0.0)

477 (5.6)

1,109 (6.1)

0 (0.0)

212 (8.1)

932 (7.3)

87 (1.7)

9 (0.1)

41 (0.2)

8 (0.1)

1,191 (13.3)

83 (0.6)

133 (1.5)

1 (0.0)

Malariaa

413 (12.8)

13 (0.1)

10 (0.4)

350 (28.6)

207 (14.5)

854 (7.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

10 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.0)

2 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

37 (0.2)

2 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

2 (0.0)

3 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

HIV/AIDSa

43 (1.3)

19 (0.2)

16 (0.7)

3 (0.2)

12 (0.8)

415 (3.6)

39 (0.8)

21 (1.1)

49 (0.5)

28 (0.3)

80 (0.4)

20 (0.4)

3 (0.1)

36 (0.3)

42 (0.8)

17 (0.2)

57 (0.3)

7 (0.1)

19 (0.2)

11 (0.1)

111 (1.2)

57 (0.8)

Pyelonephritis/UTIa

234 (7.2)

267 (2.5)

65 (2.7)

34 (2.8)

1 (0.1)

912 (7.8)

216 (4.4)

243 (12.9)

487 (4.8)

2,390 (28.2)

3,715 (20.3)

266 (5.3)

53 (2.0)

2,602 (20.3)

2 (0.0)

6 (0.1)

84 (0.5)

5 (0.1)

499 (5.6)

86 (0.6)

15 (0.2)

37 (0.5)

Diabetesa

12 (0.4)

103 (1.0)

3 (0.1)

3 (0.2)

3 (0.2)

30 (0.3)

66 (1.3)

39 (2.1)

213 (2.1)

11 (0.1)

129 (0.7)

6 (0.1)

12 (0.5)

21 (0.2)

5 (0.1)

70 (0.8)

45 (0.3)

6 (0.1)

42 (0.5)

385 (2.7)

199 (2.2)

14 (0.2)

Pre-eclampsiaa

34 (1.0)

67 (0.6)

15 (0.6)

14 (1.1)

16 (1.1)

371 (3.2)

114 (2.3)

77 (4.1)

210 (2.1)

584 (6.9)

867 (4.7)

135 (2.7)

87 (3.4)

830 (6.5)

108 (2.1)

184 (2.1)

567 (3.3)

88 (1.2)

363 (4.0)

54 (0.4)

188 (2.1)

75 (1.0)

  1. aPercentage calculated using number of liveborn singleton deliveries in country X as denominator.
  2. bPercentage calculated using number of all preterm births in country X as denominator.
  3. cPercentage calculated using number of all provider-initiated preterm births in country X as denominator.
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