Skip to main content

Table 3 Adjusted multinomial regression analyses for factors associated with different feeding intentions

From: What factors explain pregnant women’s feeding intentions in Bradford, England: A multi-methods, multi-ethnic study

 

High intention to mixed-feed (n = 50)

High intention to bottle feed (n = 80)

No high intention for any feeding practice (n = 88)

Ethnicity:

   

  White British

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Pakistani

5.36 (1.59-17.99)**

0.01 (0.001-0.12)**

2.39 (1.02-5.59)*

  Other

1.05 (0.27-4.05)

0.03 (0.003-1.32)

1.84 (0.72-4.69)

Mother’s educational levela:

   

  Less than 5 GCSE equivalent

2.86 (0.81-10.07)

0.20 (0.10-3.30)

1.90 (0.56-6.42)

  5 GCSE equivalent

1.57 (0.44-5.52)

12.54 (0.30-28.35)

2.90 (1.18-7.13)**

  A level equivalent

2.03 (0.52-7.98)

23.40 (1.48-36.75)*

1.65 (0.61-4.45)

  Higher than A level equivalent

1.00

1.00

1.00

Receiving means-tested benefit

0.22 (0.05-0.90)*

7.75 (1.55-38.58)**

0.78 (0.35-1.76)

Mean (SD) attitude scores1

   

  To breastfeed only

0.16 (0.08-0.36)**

0.04 (0.005-0.18)**

0.27 (0.16-0.45)**

  To mixed-feed

3.53 (1.95-6.40)**

0.19 (0.06-0.61)**

2.02 (1.23-3.31)**

  To bottle-feed only

1.05 (0.65-1.67)

52.70 (12.44-92.22)**

1.86 (1.25-2.77)**

Mean (SD) injunctive norm to breastfeed2

0.69 (0.31-1.54)

1.30 (0.60-2.74)

0.82 (0.48-1.17)

Mean (SD) injunctive norm to mixed-feed2

0.90 (0.33-2.41)

13.05 (1.99-45.45)**

1.46 (0.88-2.42)

Mean (SD) injunctive norm to bottle-feed2

1.46 (0.77-2.77)

0.29 (0.05-1.51)

0.95 (0.60-1.49)

Descriptive norms score3

   

  Other people breastfeed only

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Other people mixed-feed

13.77 (3.38-45.57)**

0.01 (0.001-1.04)

0.64 (0.26-1.24)

  Other people bottle-feed only

10.68 (2.19-32.05)**

0.16 (0.07-3.48)

0.91 (0.38-2.18)

Mean (SD) self-efficacy scores1

   

  To breastfeed only

0.62 (0.37-1.07)

0.10 (0.02-0.50)**

0.73 (0.50-1.06)

  To mixed-feed

1.80 (1.07-3.04)*

5.50 (1.41-12.53)**

1.27 (0.91-1.77)

  To bottle-feed only

0.70 (0.43-1.14)

0.68 (0.68-1.65)

0.97 (0.71-1.34)

Previous negative experience with breastfeeding:

   

  No previous experience

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Negative experience

1.40 (0.35-5.62)

23.44 (2.44-55.20)**

2.09 (0.84-5.22)

  Positive experience

4.87 (1.42-16.67)**

0.04 (0.01-1.12)

1.91 (0.75-4.86)

  1. aGCSE = General Certificate of Secondary Education; A-level = Advanced level.
  2. 1A higher score indicates more positive/higher attitude/self-efficacy with a particular feeding behaviour.
  3. 2Injunctive norms refer to what other people think you should do; a higher score indicates higher pressure towards certain behaviour.
  4. 3Descriptive norms refer to what other people actually do.
  5. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < <0.001.
  6. αAge, marital and co-habitation status, ability to pay the bills and current financial situation were excluded from the final adjusted model as they were not significantly associated to intention in this fully adjusted model. Parity was excluded from this model due to high collinearity with previous breastfeeding experience.
  7. High intention to breastfeed is the reference category. Values are prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) with 95% robust confidence intervalsα.
Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us