From: Talcum powder or aqueous gel to aid external cephalic version: a randomised controlled trial
Powder n = 48 | Gel n = 47 | P value | Relative risk (95% confidence interval) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± standard deviation, Median [interquartile range] or Number (%) | ||||
Secondary outcomes | ||||
Providers’ Satisfaction VNRS* | 6 [4.25–8] | 8 [7–9] | P = 0.01 | |
6.3 ± 2.5 | 7.6 ± 1.9 | P < 0.01 | ||
Abnormal cardiotocogram after ECV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | † | |
Gestational age at delivery | 39.2 ± 1.0 | 39.1 ± 1.1 | P = 0.69 | |
Cephalic presentation at birth | 24 (50.0) | 23 (48.9) | P = 0.99 | RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.5) |
Mode of delivery | P = 0.94 | RR 0.9 (95% CI 0.3–2.0) | ||
Caesarean delivery | 27 (56.3) | 28 (59.6) | P = 0.84 | |
Instrumental vaginal | 3 (6.3) | 3 (6.4) | ||
Spontaneous vaginal | 18 (37.5) | 16 (34.0) | ||
Indication for Caesarean delivery | P = 0.99 | |||
Malpresentation | 22 (84.6) | 24 (85.7) | ||
Non-reassuring fetal status | 2 (7.7) | 2 (7.1) | ||
Failure to progress in labour | 2 (7.7) | 2 (7.1) | ||
Estimated blood loss at delivery (ml) | 300 [200–425] | 400 [200–400] | P = 0.40 | |
Birth weight (kg) | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | P = 0.92 | |
Apgar score (1 min) | 9 [9] | 9 [9] | P = 0.67 | |
Apgar score (5 min) | 10 [10] | 10 [10] | P = 0.99 | |
Umbilical artery blood pH | 7.28 ± 0.07 | 7.29 ± 0.09 | P = 0.53 | |
Umbilical artery blood base deficit | 3.8 ± 3.3 | 4.2 ± 5.3 | P = 0.73 | |
Neonatal admission‡ | 4 (8.3) | 2 (4.3) | P = 0.68 | RR 2.0 (95% CI 0.4–12) |