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Table 3 Secondary outcomes according to randomisation to talcum powder or aqueous gel to aid external cephalic version (ECV)

From: Talcum powder or aqueous gel to aid external cephalic version: a randomised controlled trial

 

Powder n = 48

Gel n = 47

P value

Relative risk (95% confidence interval)

 

Mean ± standard deviation, Median [interquartile range] or Number (%)

  

Secondary outcomes

    

Providers’ Satisfaction VNRS*

6 [4.25–8]

8 [7–9]

P = 0.01

 

6.3 ± 2.5

7.6 ± 1.9

P < 0.01

Abnormal cardiotocogram after ECV

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

Gestational age at delivery

39.2 ± 1.0

39.1 ± 1.1

P = 0.69

 

Cephalic presentation at birth

24 (50.0)

23 (48.9)

P = 0.99

RR 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.5)

Mode of delivery

  

P = 0.94

RR 0.9 (95% CI 0.3–2.0)

Caesarean delivery

27 (56.3)

28 (59.6)

P = 0.84

 

Instrumental vaginal

3 (6.3)

3 (6.4)

  

Spontaneous vaginal

18 (37.5)

16 (34.0)

  

Indication for Caesarean delivery

  

P = 0.99

 

Malpresentation

22 (84.6)

24 (85.7)

  

Non-reassuring fetal status

2 (7.7)

2 (7.1)

  

Failure to progress in labour

2 (7.7)

2 (7.1)

  

Estimated blood loss at delivery (ml)

300 [200–425]

400 [200–400]

P = 0.40

 

Birth weight (kg)

3.1 ± 0.3

3.1 ± 0.3

P = 0.92

 

Apgar score (1 min)

9 [9]

9 [9]

P = 0.67

 

Apgar score (5 min)

10 [10]

10 [10]

P = 0.99

 

Umbilical artery blood pH

7.28 ± 0.07

7.29 ± 0.09

P = 0.53

 

Umbilical artery blood base deficit

3.8 ± 3.3

4.2 ± 5.3

P = 0.73

 

Neonatal admission

4 (8.3)

2 (4.3)

P = 0.68

RR 2.0 (95% CI 0.4–12)

  1. *Satisfaction 10 point visual numerical rating scale (VNRS) with range from 1 to 10 (high score, greater satisfaction) self-scored by providers attempting ECV immediately after attempt (successful or otherwise) was completed with powder or gel as originally allocated.
  2. Not calculable: two zero cells.
  3. Of the four neonatal admissions for the powder arm (two was for transient tachypnoea of the newborn, one for a suspected cephalhaematoma following vacuum delivery and another for further observation following 1 minute Apgar of 5 with umbilical arterial cord pH of 6.99 and a base deficit of 15. A. Of the two neonatal admissions for the gel arm, one was for transient tachypnoea of the newborn and another for neonatal jaundice.