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Table 3 Ratios for associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors among the three ethnic groups

From: Ethnic differences translate to inadequacy of high-risk screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in an Asian population: a cohort study

Risk factor

Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI)a

Chinese

Malay

Indian

Chinese

Malay

Indian

Pre-pregnancy BMI >30 kg/m2

2.7 (1.0-7.2)

3.3 (1.5-7.6)b

1.8 (0.6-5.0)

2.4 (0.8-6.8)

3.4 (1.5-7.9)b

1.8 (0.6-5.1)

Family history of diabetes

1.0 (0.6-1.5)

1.6 (0.8-3.3)

1.2 (0.6-2.3)

0.8 (0.5-1.3)

1.6 (0.7-3.5)

1.2 (0.6-2.5)

Previous history of GDM

4.8 (2.1-11.0)b

7.6 (1.5-39.2)b

3.0 (0.8-11.6)

4.7 (2.0-11.0)b

6.6 (1.2-37.3)b

2.8 (0.7-11.0)

Previous birth ≥4.5 kg

1.9 (0.2-20.9)

Not calculable*

Not calculable*

3.9 (0.2- 62.9)

Not calculable*

Not calculable*

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.
  2. aAdjusted for other risk factors including pre-pregnancy BMI >30 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, previous history of GDM or birth weight ≥4.5 kg.
  3. bP < 0.05 *Insufficient number of previous birth ≥ 4.5 kg to calculate.