Table 2 Predictors of rate of weight gain (kg/week) during pregnancy (univariable and multivariable regression)

Demographic factors

Maternal age (per 10 years)

-0.01

(-0.03 to 0.01)

0.09

Educational level

 Primary school

Reference

-

Reference

-

 Secondary school

0.01

(-0.01 to 0.03)

0.50

-0.01

(-0.02 to 0.02)

0.93

 University/College

0.08

(0.06 to 0.11)

<0.001

0.03

(0.004 to 0.06)

0.03

Occupation²

 Farmer/housewife

Reference

-

Reference

-

 Factory worker/trader

0.01

(-0.01 to 0.03)

0.24

0.01

(-0.01 to 0.02)

0.61

 Government official/clerk

0.09

(0.07 to 0.12)

<0.001

0.06

(0.03 to 0.09)

<0.001

Anthropometric factors

Low mid upper arm circumference (<23.5 cm)³

0.02

(0.01 to 0.04)

0.01

0.02

(0.01 to 0.03)

0.04

Maternal body mass index at enrolment (kg/m²)

-0.01

(-0.02 to -0.04)

<0.001

-0.01

(-0.01 to -0.004)

0.001

Short maternal stature (height < 145 cm)

-0.05

(-0.10 to -0.01)

0.02

-0.05

(-0.09 to -0.02)

0.01

Antenatal factors

Gravidity

Primigravida

Reference

-

Reference

-

Multigravida

-0.03

(-0.05 to -0.01)

<0.001

-0.01

(-0.03 to 0.01)

0.21

Depression at enrolment (EPDS)

-0.01

(-0.03 to 0.01)

0.54

Nutritional factors

Taking nutritional supplementation

0.04

(0.03 to 0.06)

<0.001

0.02

(0.01 to 0.03)

0.03

Taking traditional supplements

-0.01

(-0.05 to 0.03)

0.77

Meat intake during pregnancy at enrolment (no. times per week)

0.01

(0.001 to 0.006)

0.09

Change of diet in early pregnancy

0.03

(0.01 to 0.04)

0.01

0.01 (-0.01 to 0.03)

0.05

Type of supplement taken during pregnancy

 Daily IFA supplements

Reference

-

Reference

-

 Twice weekly IFA supplements

0.01

(-0.02 to 0.02)

0.83

0.01

(-0.02 to 0.02)

0.93

 MMN supplements

-0.01

(-0.03 to 0.01)

0.31

-0.01

(-0.02 to 0.01)

0.59