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Table 5 Mode of delivery related perinatal status, complications and neonatal morbidities

From: Estimation of high risk pregnancy contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality from a birth population-based regional survey in 2010 in China

Mode of delivery

Vaginalb

Cesarean section

P values

All birthsa

28,481 (47.1)

31,964 (52.9)

 

Males

14,683 (51.8)

17,640 (55.4)

<0.001

Gestational age (weeks)

39.6±1.6

39.7±1.4

<0.001

Birthweight (grams)

3,387±475

3,488±500

<0.001

Preterm births

1,191 (4.2)

1,033 (3.2)

<0.001

Low birthweight

887 (3.1)

791 (2.5)

<0.001

Multi-births

242 (0.9)

844 (2.6)

<0.001

Congenital anomalies

142 (0.5)

171 (0.5)

0.519

Pregnancy complications

1,715 (6.0)

4,315 (13.5)

<0.001

Hypertension

215 (0.8)

797 (2.5)

<0.001

PROM

1,045 (3.7)

2,234 (7.0)

<0.001

Anemia

273 (1.0)

470 (1.5)

<0.001

Maternal age (years)

25.5±5.0

26.2±5.2

<0.001

Delayed childbearing

2,110 (7.5)

2,948 (9.3)

<0.001

>9 years’ education

4,451 (16.8)

5,851 (19.8)

<0.001

Amniotic fluid volume

  

<0.001

Normal

26,999 (96.5)

27,774 (89.1)

 

Polyhydramnios

150 (0.5)

325 (1.0)

 

Oligohydramnios

837 (3.0)

3,072 (9.9)

 

Amniotic contamination

  

<0.001

Normal

24,569 (86.6)

26,877 (85.1)

 

Grade I

1,476 (5.2)

1,753 (5.6)

 

Grade II

1,146 (4.0)

1,594 (5.0)

 

Grade III

1,178 (4.2)

1,354 (4.3)

 

Apgar score

   

1-min ≤7

1,253 (4.4)

1,024 (3.2)

<0.001

1-min ≤3

256 (0.9)

88 (0.3)

<0.001

5-min ≤7

367 (1.3)

170 (0.5)

<0.001

5-min ≤3

189 (0.7)

42 (0.1)

<0.001

Hospitalization

3,137 (11.0)

3,715 (11.6)

0.019

Oxygen therapy

777 (2.7)

1,056 (3.3)

<0.001

Mechanical ventilation

205 (0.7)

387 (1.2)

<0.001

Postnatal corticosteroids

284 (1.0)

358 (1.1)

0.076

Surfactant use

34 (0.1)

56 (0.2)

0.047

Pneumonia

1,779 (6.2)

2,080 (6.5)

0.098

Jaundicec

892 (3.1)

887 (2.8)

0.010

Asphyxia

357 (1.3)

451 (1.4)

0.092

Intraventricular hemorrhage

593 (2.1)

655 (2.1)

0.776

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

557 (2.0)

711 (2.2)

0.021

Sepsis

736 (2.6)

815 (2.5)

0.789

Congenital heart disease

183 (0.6)

340 (1.1)

<0.001

Respiratory distress syndrome

123 (0.4)

248 (0.8)

<0.001

Cephalohematoma

216 (0.8)

39 (0.1)

<0.001

ABO hemolysis

105 (0.4)

108 (0.3)

0.285

Deathsd

202 (0.7)

42 (0.1)

<0.001

  1. Values are given in numbers and percentage (% of all births in each delivery category) or mean±SD. aPercentage of total numbers of all births, including fetal death/stillbirths and neonatal death at delivery (see Table 1); bincluding 397 with assisted operation procedures; cincluding hyperbilirubinemia; dincluding fetal deaths/stillbirth and neonatal deaths immediately at delivery but counted as live births.
  2. Abbreviations: PROM premature rupture of membrane, Apgar Apgar score of life signs.
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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