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Table 3 Perinatal status and pregnancy complications in neonatal birthweight strata

From: Estimation of high risk pregnancy contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality from a birth population-based regional survey in 2010 in China

Birthweight (g)

<1,500

1,500-2,499

2,500-3,999

≥4,000

P values

Birth number (%)

154 (0.3)

1,537 (2.5)

50,450 (83.6)

8,231 (13.6)

 

Males

73 (48.0)

762 (49.9)

26,133 (52.0)

5,343 (65.3)

<0.001

Gestational age (weeks)

30.1±2.9

35.9±2.9

39.7±1.2

40.2±1.0

<0.001

Birthweight (grams)

1,157±238

2,140±269

3,365±333

4,192±250

<0.001

Preterm births

152 (98.7)

950 (62.3)

1,103 (2.2)

26 (0.3)

<0.001

Multi-births

28 (18.2)

323 (21.0)

729 (1.4)

23 (0.3)

<0.001

Congenital anomalies

11 (7.1)

54 (3.5)

222 (0.4)

27 (0.3)

<0.001

Cesarean section rate

43 (28.3)

748 (49.0)

25,629 (50.9)

5,438 (66.2)

<0.001

Pregnancy complications

65 (42.2)

476 (31.0)

4,769 (9.4)

710 (8.6)

<0.001

Hypertension

12 (7.8)

105 (6.8)

758 (1.5)

133 (1.6)

<0.001

PROM

25 (16.2)

236 (15.4)

2,678 (5.3)

336 (4.1)

<0.001

Anemia

3 (1.9)

40 (2.6)

590 (1.2)

110 (1.3)

<0.001

Maternal age (years)

26.6±6.3

26.3±5.9

25.7±5.1

26.7±5.3

<0.001

Delayed childbearing

22 (14.5)

192 (12.6)

3,971 (7.9)

866 (10.6)

<0.001

>9 years’ education

15 (10.9)

256 (18.7)

8,614 (18.4)

1,397 (18.3)

0.151

Amniotic fluid volume

    

<0.001

Normal

123 (83.7)

1,273 (86.9)

45,686 (92.5)

7,608 (94.5)

 

Polyhydramnios

11 (7.5)

27 (1.8)

331 (0.7)

105 (1.3)

 

Oligohydramnios

13 (8.8)

165 (11.3)

3,395 (6.9)

342 (4.2)

 

Amniotic contamination

    

<0.001

Normal

121 (80.1)

1,259 (84.3)

43,144 (86.2)

6,841 (83.9)

 

Grade I

10 (6.6)

62 (4.1)

2,616 (5.2)

533 (6.5)

 

GradeII

4 (2.6)

68 (4.5)

2,273 (4.5)

391 (4.8)

 

Grade III

16 (10.6)

104 (7.0)

2,022 (4.0)

388 (4.8)

 

Apgar score

     

1-min ≤7

107 (74.3)

449 (29.7)

1,509 (3.0)

212 (2.6)

<0.001

1-min ≤3

59 (41.0)

115 (7.6)

153 (0.3)

17 (0.2)

<0.001

5-min ≤7

91 (63.6)

209 (13.9)

209 (0.4)

27 (0.3)

<0.001

5-min ≤3

45 (31.5)

88 (5.8)

89 (0.2)

12 (0.1)

<0.001

Hospitalization

121 (78.6)

1,209 (78.7)

4,880 (9.7)

637 (7.7)

<0.001

Oxygen therapy

103 (66.9)

565 (36.8)

1,043 (2.1)

122 (1.5)

<0.001

Mechanical ventilation

67 (43.5)

246 (16.0)

255 (0.5)

23 (0.3)

<0.001

Postnatal steroids

10 (6.5)

71 (4.6)

488 (1.0)

72 (0.9)

<0.001

Surfactant therapy

18 (11.7)

57 (3.7)

14

1

<0.001

Pneumonia

88 (57.1)

910 (59.2)

2,532 (5.0)

326 (4.0)

<0.001

Asphyxia

31 (20.1)

214 (13.9)

504 (1.0)

59 (0.7)

<0.001

RDS

56 (36.4)

178 (11.6)

132 (0.3)

4

<0.001

IVH

50 (32.5)

468 (30.4)

670 (1.3)

62 (0.8)

<0.001

Hyperbilirubinemia

7 (4.5)

120 (7.8)

1448 (2.9)

202 (2.5)

<0.001

Deathsa

55 (35.7)

93 (6.1)

88 (0.2)

10 (0.1)

<0.001

  1. All values are numbers and percentage (% of total births in each birthweight category) or means±SD; aincluding fetal deaths/stillbirth and neonatal deaths immediately at delivery but counted as live births.
  2. Abbreviations: PROM premature rupture of membrane, RDS respiratory distress syndrome, IVH intraventricular hemorrhage.
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