Table 3 Risk of obstetric complications by demographic and pregnancy-related factors
Variable | Cases (N = 294) | Controls (N = 289) | OR (95% CI)* | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | N | % | N | % | ||
< 18 yrs | 12 | 4.1 | 18 | 6.3 | 0.59 (0.25,1.40) | 0.228 |
19-24 yrs | 100 | 33.9 | 95 | 33.0 | 1.58 (0.72,3.45) | 0.253 |
25-29 yrs | 115 | 39.0 | 107 | 37.2 | 1.61 (0.74,3.50) | 0.228 |
30 yrs and over | 67 | 22.7 | 69 | 24.0 | 1.45 (0.65,3.26) | 0.359 |
Number of pregnancies and miscarriages | ||||||
1 | 62 | 21.1 | 64 | 22.2 | 0.97 (0.64,1.48) | 0.887 |
2 | 75 | 25.4 | 75 | 26.0 | 1.03 (0.64,1.66) | 0.895 |
3 | 50 | 16.9 | 42 | 14.6 | 1.23 (0.72,2.11) | 0.453 |
4 | 82 | 27.8 | 82 | 28.5 | 1.03 (0.59,1.79) | 0.910 |
>4 | 25 | 8.5 | 27 | 9.4 | 1.00 (0.62,1.63) | 0.995 |
Marital status | ||||||
Unmarried/single | 28 | 9.5 | 28 | 9.7 | 0.96 (0.55,1.66) | 0.878 |
Married | 259 | 87.8 | 248 | 86.1 | 0.76 (0.46, 1.24) | 0.266 |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 7 | 2.4 | 14 | 4.8 | 0.48 (0.19,1.21) | 0.118 |
Highest level of schooling | ||||||
No education | 38 | 12.9 | 38 | 13.2 | 1.09 (0.63,1.88) | 0.755 |
Primary incomplete | 76 | 25.8 | 84 | 29.2 | 0.76 (0.46, 1.24) | 0.266 |
Primary complete | 57 | 19.3 | 71 | 24.7 | 0.88 (0.55,1.40) | 0.577 |
Secondary incomplete | 53 | 18.0 | 49 | 17.0 | 1.18 (0.72,1.94) | 0.514 |
Secondary complete | 41 | 13.9 | 35 | 12.2 | 1.28 (0.74,2.21) | 0.379 |
Tertiary (complete) | 27 | 9.2 | 13 | 4.5 | 2.27 (1.09,4.70) | 0.028 |
Religion | ||||||
Catholic | 79 | 26.8 | 77 | 26.7 | 1.06 (0.73,1.54) | 0.747 |
Protestant/other Christian | 195 | 66.1 | 202 | 70.1 | 0.63 (0.44, 0.91) | 0.014 |
Muslim | 11 | 3.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 2.85 (0.89,9.10) | 0.077 |
No religion | 7 | 2.4 | 4 | 1.4 | 1.81 (0.52,6.29) | 0.349 |
Main occupation | ||||||
Self employed | 67 | 22.7 | 42 | 14.6 | 1.69 (1.08, 2.65) | 0.023 |
Farming/agriculture | 138 | 46.8 | 146 | 50.7 | 0.71 (0.51, 1.02) | 0.060 |
Skilled labour | 21 | 7.1 | 28 | 9.7 | 0.79 (0.43,1.46) | 0.459 |
Unskilled labour | 25 | 8.5 | 33 | 11.5 | 0.80 (0.45,1.42) | 0.446 |
Professionals e.g. teacher | 27 | 9.2 | 17 | 5.9 | 1.68 (0.88,3.32) | 0.118 |
Other | 14 | 4.7 | 21 | 7.3 | 0.71 (0.34,1.44) | 0.339 |
Type of wall material | ||||||
Mud/Earth | 228 | 77.8 | 240 | 83.0 | 0.57 (0.37,0.87) | 0.08 |
Bricks | 57 | 19.5 | 41 | 14.2 | 1.81 (1.16,2.83) | 0.08 |
Blocks/wood/stones | 8 | 2.7 | 8 | 2.7 | 1.51 (0.52,4.44) | 0.445 |