Table 2 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of cases and controls
Variable | Cases (N = 294) | Controls (N = 289) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | n | % | n | % | |
< 18 yrs | 12 | 4.1 | 18 | 6.3 | 0.241 |
19-24 yrs | 100 | 33.9 | 95 | 33.0 | 0.770 |
25-29 yrs | 115 | 39.0 | 107 | 37.2 | 0.603 |
30 yrs and over | 67 | 22.7 | 69 | 24.0 | 0.659 |
Number of pregnancies and miscarriages | |||||
1 | 62 | 21.1 | 64 | 22.2 | 0.697 |
2 | 75 | 25.4 | 75 | 26.0 | 0.922 |
3 | 50 | 16.9 | 42 | 14.6 | 0.402 |
4 | 82 | 27.8 | 82 | 28.5 | 0.946 |
>4 | 25 | 8.5 | 27 | 9.4 | 0.948 |
Median No. of pregnancies (Range) | 3.0 | (1,14) | 3.0 | (1,12) | |
Mean No. of pregnancies (95% CI) | 3.3 | (3.1, 3.6) | 3.2 | (3.0, 3.4) | 0.443 |
Marital status | |||||
Unmarried/single | 28 | 9.5 | 28 | 9.7 | 0.957 |
Married | 259 | 87.8 | 248 | 86.1 | 0.357 |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 7 | 2.4 | 14 | 4.8 | 0.280 |
Highest level of schooling | |||||
No education | 38 | 12.9 | 38 | 13.2 | 0.962 |
Primary incomplete | 76 | 25.8 | 84 | 29.2 | 0.468 |
Primary complete | 57 | 19.3 | 71 | 24.7 | 0.142 |
Secondary incomplete | 53 | 18.0 | 49 | 17.0 | 0.705 |
Secondary complete | 41 | 13.9 | 35 | 12.2 | 0.49 |
Tertiary (complete) | 27 | 9.2 | 13 | 4.5 | 0.024 |
Religion | |||||
Catholic | 79 | 26.8 | 77 | 26.7 | 0.951 |
Protestant/other Christian | 195 | 66.1 | 202 | 70.1 | 0.351 |
Muslim | 11 | 3.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 0.072 |
No religion | 7 | 2.4 | 4 | 1.4 | 0.376 |
Main occupation | |||||
Self employed | 67 | 22.7 | 42 | 14.6 | 0.011 |
Farming/agriculture | 138 | 46.8 | 146 | 50.7 | 0.385 |
Skilled labour | 21 | 7.1 | 28 | 9.7 | 0.268 |
Unskilled labour | 25 | 8.5 | 33 | 11.5 | 0.239 |
Professionals e.g. teacher, engineer etc. | 27 | 9.2 | 17 | 5.9 | 0.131 |
Not employed/housemaid/student | 14 | 4.7 | 21 | 7.3 | 0.203 |
Type of wall material | |||||
Mud/Earth | 228 | 77.8 | 240 | 83.0 | 0.112 |
Bricks | 57 | 19.5 | 41 | 14.2 | 0.09 |
Blocks | 8 | 2.7 | 6 | 2.1 | 0.607 |
Other (stones,wood,iron) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.314 |