Factors associated with non-use of antenatal iron and folic acid supplements among Pakistani women: a cross sectional household survey

Nisar, Yasir Bin; Dibley, Michael J; Mir, Ali Mohammad

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-305

Table 4 Risk factors for non-use of iron/folic acid (IFA) supplements during pregnancy in women with the most recent live births within 5 years prior to the surveyed in 14 surveyed districts in Pakistan, findings of univariate and multivariate logistic regression

From: Factors associated with non-use of antenatal iron and folic acid supplements among Pakistani women: a cross sectional household survey

Variable	Women who did not use iron supplements		Unadjusted				Adjusted
Variable	n	%	OR¹	95% CI²		p	OR¹	95% CI²		p
District
Jhelum	102	42.5	1.00				1.00
Charsadda	165	49.8	1.34	0.9	1.99	0.143	0.38	0.23	0.62	<0.0001
Sukkur	188	53.9	1.58	1.02	2.43	0.038	0.77	0.48	1.21	0.252
Swabi	171	54.7	1.63	1.02	2.62	0.043	0.58	0.35	0.95	0.029
Sanghar	292	55.9	1.71	1.18	2.49	0.005	0.47	0.3	0.74	0.001
Thatta	214	56.1	1.72	1.16	2.56	0.007	0.58	0.38	0.91	0.016
Mansehra	226	59.5	1.98	1.31	3.01	0.001	1.19	0.78	1.81	0.431
Mardan	292	59.5	1.98	1.31	2.99	0.001	0.8	0.51	1.25	0.328
Larkana	382	61.8	2.18	1.48	3.22	0.0001	0.94	0.6	1.47	0.792
Dadu	360	62.9	2.29	1.52	3.45	0.0001	0.94	0.61	1.46	0.792
Ghotki	246	66.5	2.68	1.86	3.88	0.0001	1.09	0.71	1.67	0.704
Bahawalpur	457	68.4	2.92	1.92	4.43	0.0001	1.49	0.96	2.34	0.078
Rajanpur	332	72.5	3.55	2.39	5.28	0.0001	1.09	0.7	1.69	0.699
Dera Ghazi Khan	440	76.9	4.51	2.89	7.03	0.0001	1.72	1.05	2.82	0.032
Place of residence
Urban	595	50.5	1.00
Rural	3,272	64.3	1.77	1.48	2.10	0.0001	NS
Lady health worker program area
Yes	2,670	58.8	1.00
No	1,197	69.3	1.58	1.34	1.85	0.0001	NS
Age of respondents
15 to 24 years	849	58.1	1.00				1.00
25 to 34 years	1,996	60.6	1.10	0.95	1.27	0.200	1.07	0.90	1.28	0.409
35 to 44 years	923	66.3	1.37	1.14	1.14	0.001	1.12	0.91	1.39	0.290
45 years and more	98	81.4	3.11	1.84	184	<0.0001	1.97	1.07	3.62	0.029
Educational status of respondents
Above secondary	101	28.6	1.00				1.00
At least some secondary school	324	40.6	1.71	1.25	2.33	0.001	1.27	0.89	1.82	0.197
At least some primary school	486	53.4	2.86	2.08	3.92	0.0001	1.70	1.16	2.49	0.006
No education	2,956	70.3	5.91	4.48	7.79	0.0001	2.36	1.65	3.37	<0.0001
Working status of respondents
Not working	2,516	58.2	1.00
Working	1,345	69.7	1.65	1.43	1.91	0.0001	NS
Educational status of respondents’ husband
Above secondary	454	41.3	1.00				1.00
At least some secondary school	1,050	57.2	1.90	1.61	2.25	0.0001	1.32	1.06	1.64	0.014
At least some primary school	647	65.4	2.69	2.23	3.24	0.0001	1.34	1.04	1.72	0.023
No education	1,684	73.5	3.93	3.32	4.66	0.0001	1.58	1.27	1.97	<0.0001
Household wealth index
Highest	542	43.8	1.00				1.00
Medium high	865	54.2	1.52	1.25	1.84	0.0001	1.02	0.81	1.27	0.890
Medium low	1,172	68.6	2.81	2.33	3.39	0.0001	1.34	1.05	1.71	0.017
Lowest	1,287	74.7	3.80	3.14	4.60	0.0001	1.47	1.11	1.93	0.006
Outcome of last live birth within 5 years preceding the survey
Singleton	3,814	61.7	1.00
Twins	52	60.4	0.94	0.56	1.59	0.831	NS
Duration since last birth within 5 years preceding the survey
Within 1 year	1,176	58.4	1.00
1 to 2 years	1,833	62.1	1.17	1.01	1.35	0.035	NS
3 and more years	858	66.0	1.38	1.16	1.66	<0.0001
Number of live births within 5 years preceding the survey
One	1,702	62.0	1.00
Two	1,570	60.9	0.95	0.83	1.09	0.505	NS
Three and more	595	63.1	1.05	0.87	1.27	0.622
Antenatal services by type of providers
Health professionals	1,739	44.2	1.00				1.00
Untrained providers	62	56.7	1.65	1.05	2.59	0.029	1.44	0.91	2.27	0.130
No services	1,942	92.7	16.07	12.99	19.88	<0.0001	13.39	10.70	16.75	<0.0001

147 missing values were excluded from the analysis.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were obtained using logistic regression analysis.
¹OR: Odds Ratio.
²CI: Confidence Interval.

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ISSN: 1471-2393

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