Effects of demand-side financing on utilisation, experiences and outcomes of maternity care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Murray, Susan F; Hunter, Benjamin M; Bisht, Ramila; Ensor, Tim; Bick, Debra

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-30

Table 4 Effect of DSF modes on mortality and morbidity

From: Effects of demand-side financing on utilisation, experiences and outcomes of maternity care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

	Study	Study data	Effect	95% confidence interval, s.e. or p-value
*Effect on maternal mortality*
Conditional cash transfers
	Hernandez Prado et al. [25]	1995-2002	11% decrease (relative risk 0.89) compared to control areas	CI: 0.82, 0.95
Payments to offset costs of access
	No studies
Vouchers for maternity services
	Hatt et al. [8]	2009	No effect compared to control areas	p = 0.42
*Effect on maternal morbidity*
Conditional cash transfers
	No studies
Payments to offset costs of access
	No studies
Vouchers for maternity services
	No studies
*Effect on perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality*
Conditional cash transfers
	Barham et al. [26]	1992-2001	No effect on neonatal mortality	s.e.: 0.5
	Barham et al. [26]	1992-2001	17% reduction in infant mortality	p < 0.01
	Hernandez Prado et al. [25]	1995-2002	2% reduction in infant mortality	p < 0.05
Payments to offset costs of access
	Lim et al. [9]	2002-2004, 2007-2009	2.3-2.4 fewer neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births	CI: 0.7, 4.1
	Lim et al. [9]	2002-2004, 2007-2009	6.2 fewer neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births	CI: -8.1, 20.4
	Powell-Jackson et al. [35]	2002-2004, 2007-2009	No effect on neonatal mortality	p > 0.1
	Powell-Jackson et al. [61]	2001-2007	No effect on neonatal mortality	p > 0.05
Vouchers for maternity services
	Hatt et al. [8]	2009	1 percentage point lower in intervention areas (stillbirths)	p < 0.001
	Hatt et al. [8]	2009	No effect on neonatal deaths compared to control areas	p = 0.15
*Effect on perinatal, neonatal and infant morbidity*
Conditional cash transfers
	Barber and Gertler [30]	2003	Increased average birth weight	p = 0.02
	Barber and Gertler [30]	2003	4.6 percentage point reduction in incidence of low birth-weight	p = 0.05
	Hernandez Prado et al. [27]	2003	No effect on incidence of low birth-weight	p > 0.1
Payments to offset costs of access
	No studies
Vouchers for maternity services
	No studies

Notes. Effect is presented as odds ratio (OR), mean difference compared to controls or percentage increase from baseline. Confidence intervals (CI) are shown if they have been provided in the study, otherwise standard errors (s.e.) and p-values are shown. No quantitative studies on unconditional cash transfers were included in the systematic review. No quantitative studies on vouchers for merit goods considered impact on maternal, infant or neonatal morbidity or mortality.

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ISSN: 1471-2393

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