| Mechanism for promoting maternal health | Administrative structure used | Distribution | Programmes and studies included in the systematic review | Monetary benefit or equivalent to recipient (maternal health component only) - expressed in US dollars and as a proportion of gross domestic product per capita per month. Illustration sourced from the most recently published study. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unconditional cash transfers | Alleviates deleterious effects of poverty on health during period of pregnancy | Government health system | Directly into a bank account | Dr Muthulakshmi Reddy Memorial Assistance Scheme (India) [14] | USD 68 (58% of GDP per capita per month) paid twice during pregnancy [14] |
Conditional cash transfers | Conditionalities improve utilisation of specified maternity services | Social welfare system | Directly into a bank account, community distribution or sent to beneficiaries | Oportunidades (Mexico – previously PROGRESA) [11, 25–32] | Not stated |
Comunidades Solidarias Rurales (El Salvador – previously Red Solidaria) [28, 33] | USD 15 (5%) every month [33] | ||||
Juntos (Peru) [12] | USD 75 (15%) every two months [12] | ||||
Bono Juana Azurduy (Bolivia) [12] | USD 250 (129%) over 33 months [12] | ||||
Programa de Asignacion Familiar (Honduras) [13] | USD 3 (3%) every month [13] | ||||
Social Risk Mitigation Project (Turkey) [28] | Not stated | ||||
Program Keluarga Harapan (Indonesia) [34] | USD 30 (10%) every four months [34] | ||||
Short-term payments to offset costs of access | Alleviates deleterious effects of poverty on access to maternity services | Government health system | Retrospective payments at health facilities | USD 13 – 31 (11-26%), depending on location [40] | |
USD 7 – 24 (12-41%), depending on location [10] | |||||
Vouchers for maternity services | Removes/reduces cost of specified maternity services at point of use | Parallel voucher management agency | Community-based distribution (if vouchers are used) | Four ANC, delivery and two PNC (voucher cost USD 2.50 - 3%) [64] | |
Four ANC, delivery and two PNC (voucher cost USD 1.20 - 3%) [66] | |||||
Makerere University Voucher Scheme (Uganda) [67] | Three ANC, delivery, two PNC and transport costs (voucher provided free) [67] | ||||
Obstetric Care State Certificate Program (Armenia) [68] | Aimed to eliminate informal payments [68] | ||||
Three ANC, delivery and one PNC (voucher cost USD 1.20 - 1%) [69] | |||||
Sambhav vouchers (India) [71] | Three ANC, delivery and two PNC (voucher provided free) [71] | ||||
One ANC, delivery, transport and food (no voucher) | |||||
MAMTA scheme (India) [74] | Three ANC, delivery and one PNC (voucher provided free) [73] | ||||
Pilot voucher scheme (Bangladesh) [75] | Three ANC, delivery, one PNC and transport costs (voucher provided free) [75] | ||||
Three ANC, delivery, one PNC and transport costs (voucher provided free) [80] | |||||
Pilot voucher scheme (Cambodia) [81] | Three ANC, delivery, one PNC and transport costs (voucher provided free) [81] | ||||
Vouchers for merit goods | Removes/reduces cost of merit good at point of use | Government health facilities | Distribution at health facilities | USD 0.50 (2%) discount on an insecticide-treated net costing USD 3.50 [83] | |
USD 2.70 (6%) discount on an insecticide-treated net costing USD 3.65 [7] | |||||
Volta voucher scheme (Ghana) [86] | USD 4.20 (5%) discount on an insecticide-treated net [86] |