| Overall sample (n = 763) | Black (n = 244) | Non-black (n = 519) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Birthweight (kg) (mean[se]) | 3.23(0.03) | 3.10(0.05) | 3.27(0.03) | <0.01 |
Gestational age (week) (mean[se]) | 39.29(0.11) | 39.16(0.2) | 39.33(0.12) | 0.49 |
Baseline age (year) (mean[se]) | 15.33(0.14) | 15.36(0.26) | 15.32(0.15) | 0.89 |
Age at pregnancy (year) (mean[se]) | 17.80(0.09) | 17.67(0.13) | 17.83(0.09) | 0.20 |
Baseline BMI category (n [%]) | Â | Â | Â | 0.03 |
Underweight | 96(15.02) | 25(10.88) | 71(16.28) | Â |
Normal weight | 508(67.24) | 155(63.43) | 353(68.4) | Â |
Over weight | 119(13.07) | 50(20.69) | 69(10.74) | Â |
Obese | 40(4.68) | 14(5.00) | 26(4.58) | Â |
Parental education ([n%]) | Â | Â | Â | 0.41 |
≥HS | 606(80.64) | 213(83.44) | 393(79.79) |  |
Less than HS | 157(19.36) | 31(16.56) | 126(20.21) | Â |
Educational aspiration(non-standardized) (mean[se])* | −0.09(0.06) | 0.06(0.09) | −0.14(0.06) | 0.05 |
GPA | Â | Â | Â | 0.04 |
Below average | 312(42.99) | 98(50.84) | 214(40.59) | Â |
Above average | 451(57.01) | 146(49.16) | 305(59.41) | Â |
Ever skipped a grade (n [%]) | Â | Â | Â | 0.85 |
No | 744(97.57) | 239(97.78) | 505(97.51) | Â |
Yes | 19(2.43) | 5(2.22) | 14(2.49) | Â |
Ever repeated a grade (n [%]) | Â | Â | Â | 0.20 |
No | 618(79.82) | 187(75.52) | 431(81.14) | Â |
Yes | 145(20.18) | 57(24.48) | 88(18.86) | Â |
Smoking during pregnancy (n [%]) | Â | Â | Â | <.0001 |
No | 607(74.93) | 230(93.81) | 377(69.16) | Â |
Yes | 156(25.07) | 14(6.19) | 142(30.84) | Â |
Initiation of prenatal care (n [%]) | Â | Â | Â | 0.58 |
1st trimester | 541(69.14) | 174(71.63) | 367(68.37) | Â |
2nd trimester | 154(21.77) | 50(21.65) | 104(21.81) | Â |
3rd trimester or no prenatal care | 68(9.09) | 20(6.71) | 48(9.82) | Â |