Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the women with gestational diabetes and controls at index pregnancy and the follow-up study
From: Long-term changes in glucose metabolism after gestational diabetes: a double cohort study
GDM patients (n = 489) | Controls (n = 385) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
Index pregnancy | |||||
Age at delivery (yrs) | 32.0 | 5.9 | 29.6 | 5.3 | <0.001 |
Parity | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
Primipara/multipara (%) | 36.6/63.4 | 54.5/45.6 | <0.001 | ||
Waist (cm) | 91.3 | 13.4 | 86.3 | 11.7 | <0.001 |
BMI in the first trimester (kg/m2) | 26.4 | 4.8 | 24.1 | 3.8 | <0.001 |
Duration of the pregnancy (weeks) | 39.3 | 1.5 | 39.5 | 1.7 | 0.095 |
Birth weight of the child (g) | 3648 | 545 | 3579 | 570 | 0.065 |
Follow-up study* | |||||
Age at follow up (yrs) | 37.8 | 7.2 | 38.4 | 6.3 | 0.200 |
Follow-up time (yrs) | 6.0 | 4.4 | 9.0 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 81.0 | 71.5 | 0.001 | ||
Current smoker (%) | 18.8 | 13.6 | 0.040 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 | 5.5 | 26.9 | 4.9 | <0.001 |
HbA1c [mmol/mol (%)] | 36 (5.5) | 5 | 35 (5.3) | 3 | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.6 | 0.5 | 5.3 | 0.4 | <0.001 |
30-min plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 8.0 | 1.7 | 7.1 | 1.5 | <0.001 |
2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 6.0 | 1.7 | 5.5 | 1.2 | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l) | 79.2 | 55.6 | 63.2 | 43.1 | <0.001 |
30-min plasma insulin (pmol/l) | 507.0 | 355.6 | 439.0 | 266 | 0.013 |
2-hour plasma insulin (pmol/l) | 351.4 | 327.1 | 278.5 | 242.4 | <0.001 |
P-glucose area under the curve (mmol/l*min) | 832.6 | 160.3 | 749.6 | 130.6 | <0.001 |
P-insulin area under the curve (pmol/l*min) | 40880.3 | 28499.6 | 34414 | 21656 | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.6 | <0.001 |
Matsuda ISI (mg/dl, mU/l) | 5.7 | 3.2 | 7.1 | 3.6 | <0.001 |
Disposition Index | 167.4 | 65.1 | 206.3 | 77.6 | <0.001 |