Table 1 Bivariate relationships between demographic characteristics and delayed antenatal care in Rwanda
Characteristic | N | % [95% CI] | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | <0.001 | |||
15-24 | 1,251 | 56.8 | [53.6,60.1] | |
25-34 | 3,235 | 60.3 | [58.2,62.4] | |
35-44 | 1,526 | 65.2 | [62.5,67.8] | |
45+ | 269 | 65.6 | [59.7,71.2] | |
Residence | 0.018 | |||
Urban | 806 | 55.9 | [51.4,60.4] | |
Rural | 5475 | 61.8 | [60.0,63.6] | |
Number of children | <0.001 | |||
1-3 | 3,571 | 56.6 | [54.5,58.6] | |
4-6 | 1,850 | 66.0 | [63.4,68.5] | |
7+ | 860 | 68.9 | [65.4,72.2] | |
Place of antenatal care | <0.001 | |||
Health center | 5,799 | 61.6 | [59.9,63.3] | |
Home or other | 20 | 67.0 | [49.3,80.9] | |
Dispensary/health post | 103 | 69.9 | [58.6,79.2] | |
District hospital | 239 | 56.3 | [48.2,64.1] | |
Private hospitals/clinics | 56 | 19.8 | [10.7,33.5] | |
Referral hospitals | 53 | 40.4 | [28.6,53.3] | |
Married | 0.012 | |||
No | 2682 | 63.0 | [60.7,65.3] | |
Yes | 3599 | 59.5 | [57.5,61.5] | |
Type of health insurance | <0.001 | |||
No | 1,657 | 66.6 | [63.9,69.2] | |
Mutuelle | 4402 | 60.2 | [58.4,62.0] | |
RAMA_MMI and others | 194 | 31.2 | [24.3,39.1] | |
Problem with distance | 0.002 | |||
No | 4577 | 59.6 | [57.8,61.5] | |
Yes | 1702 | 64.8 | [61.9,67.6] | |
Pregnancy | <0.001 | |||
Wanted | 3600 | 56.8 | [54.7,58.9] | |
Unwanted | 2679 | 66.8 | [64.7,68.8] | |
Wealth index | <0.001 | |||
Poorest | 1427 | 64.2 | [61.2,67.1] | |
Poorer | 1335 | 62.7 | [59.9,65.5] | |
Middle | 1230 | 62.1 | [58.8,65.4] | |
Richer | 1177 | 62.0 | [58.9,64.9] | |
Richest | 1112 | 52.7 | [49.3,56.1] | |
Women education secondary or higher | <0.001 | |||
No | 5665 | 62.3 | [60.6,64.0] | |
Yes | 616 | 49.4 | [45.3,53.5] | |
Husband with secondary or higher education | <0.001 | |||
No | 5,150 | 62.4 | [60.6,64.1] | |
Yes | 672 | 49.5 | [45.3,53.7] | |
Not married | 457 | 62.9 | [57.8,67.9] | |
Women’s employment status | <0.001 | |||
Informal sector/not working | 5,668 | 62.3 | [60.5,64.0] | |
Formal sector | 605 | 50.0 | [45.4,54.6] | |
Partner’s employment status | <0.001 | |||
Informal sector/not working | 4,496 | 62.4 | [60.5,64.3] | |
Formal sector | 1,316 | 55.5 | [52.4,58.6] | |
Not married | 457 | 62.9 | [57.8,67.9] | |
Current marital status | 0.277 | |||
Never in union | 457 | 62.9 | [57.8,67.9] | |
Married/living with partner | 5,234 | 60.6 | [58.8,62.4] | |
Widowed and/or separated | 590 | 63.7 | [59.7,67.5] | |
Husband’s education and employment status | ||||
Not married | 457 | 62.9 | [57.8,67.9] | 0.003 |
Employed partner with secondary education | 413 | 45.3 | [40.0,50.6] | |
Employed partner without secondary education | 903 | 60.2 | [56.8,63.5] | |
Unemployed partner with secondary education | 257 | 56.1 | [49.5,62.5] | |
Unemployed partner without secondary education | 4,239 | 62.8 | [60.9,64.7] | |
Knowledge of menstrual cycle | 0.072 | |||
Yes | 768 | 57.8 | [53.8,61.7] | |
No | 5,510 | 61.5 | [59.7,63.2] | |
TV or radio at least once a week | 0.003 | |||
No | 2,114 | 63.8 | [61.4,66.1] | |
Yes | 4,161 | 59.7 | [57.7,61.6] | |