Association between gestational age at birth, antenatal corticosteroids, and outcomes at 5 years: multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth study at 5 years of age (MACS-5)

Table 4 Covariates associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years of age

Death or severe disability
Covariate	Comparison	OR [ 95% confidence limits]	p-value
Gestational age at randomization	26-27 vs. 28+ weeks	1.02 [0.76, 1.38]	0.897
Premature rupture of membranes	Yes vs. No	1.58 [1.14, 2.18]	0.009
Mother smokes	Yes vs. No	1.62 [1.10, 2.40]	0.023
Parity	1+ vs. 0	1.26 [1.02, 1.56]	0.033
Country PMR^a	>10/1000 vs. ≤10/1000	1.33 [1.09, 1.61]	0.006
Neurosensory disability
Covariate	Comparison	OR [ 95% confidence limits]	p -value
Gestational age at randomization	26-27 vs. 28+ weeks	1.04 [0.67, 1.60]	0.877
Premature rupture of membranes	Yes vs. No	1.58 [0.94, 2.64]	0.110
Neurocognitive
Gestational age at randomization	26-27 vs. 28+ weeks	0.94 [0.64, 1.40]	0.764
Multiple pregnancy	Yes vs. No	0.60 [0.41, 0.89]	0.006
Maternal smoking	Yes vs. No	2.18 [1.44, 3.31]	0.002
Sex of the baby	Male vs. Female	1.65 [1.23, 2.20]	0.001
Country PMR^a	>10/1000 vs. ≤10/1000	1.40 [1.10, 1.78]	0.012
Death
Gestational age at randomization	26-27 vs. 28+ weeks	1.42 [0.84, 2.40]	0.1984
Premature rupture of membranes	Yes vs. No	2.08 [1.27, 3.41]	0.0089
parity	1+ vs. 0	1.44 [0.98, 2.11]	0.0700
Country PMR^a	>10/1000 vs. ≤10/1000	2.37 [1.69, 3.33]	0.0001

^aPMR = perinatal mortality rate.
Countries with a national perinatal mortality rate of ≤10/1000 were: Canada, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Israel, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States; countries with a national perinatal mortality rate of >10 - 20/1000 were: Argentina, Brazil, Peru; countries with a national perinatal mortality rate of >20/1000 were: Bolivia, China, Colombia, Jordan, Russia.

ISSN: 1471-2393