Table 4 Adjusted analysis by means of hierarchized modeling of the factors associated with inadequate prenatal care use

Predisposing characteristics

Maternal age (years)

<0.001

  < 20

1.28 (1.17 - 1.40)

  20 – 34

1.00

  ≥ 35

0.64 (0.54 - 0.78)

Parity

<0.001

  1

0.70 (0.64 - 0.77)

  2 – 4

1.00

  ≥ 5

1.31 (1.16 - 1.49)

Maternal schooling (years)

<0.001

  0 – 4

2.78 (2.23 - 3.47)

  5 – 8

2.49 (2.04 - 3.05)

  9 – 11

1.86 (1.54 - 2.25)

  ≥ 12

1.00

Marital status

<0.001

  With no companion

1.81 (1.58 - 2.10)

  Married

1.00

  Consensual union

1.41 (1.25 - 1.60)

Mother’s skin color

0.021

  White

1.00

  Black

1.19 (1.04 - 1.36)

  Mulatto

1.14 (1.02 - 1.26)

Family head

0.031

  Mother

1.00

  Others

1.17 (1.01 - 1.35)

Enabling resources

Per capita family income

<0.001

  ≥1

1.00

  ≥0.5 to <1

-

1.29 (1.15 - 1.44)

  <0.5

-

1.37 (1.22 - 1.54)

  Missing

-

1.32 (1.18 - 1.49)

Category of prenatal care

<0.001

  Private

-

1.00

  Public

-

2.74 (2.18 - 3.43)

Coverage by the family health program

0.014

  No

-

1.00

  Yes

-

0.92 (0.85 - 0.98)

Need

Hypertension before or during pregnancy

0.013

  Yes

-

-

0.89 (0.80 - 0.98)

  No

-

-

1.00

Diabetes before or during pregnancy

0.062

  Yes

-

-

0.72 (0.51 - 1.01)

  No

-

-

1.00

Previous pregnancy loss

0.002

  Yes

-

0.87 (0.80 - 0.95)

  No

1.00

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

<0.001

  Yes

-

-

1.28 (1.13 -1.45)

  No

-

-

1.00

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy

0.002

  Yes

-

-

1.15 (1.05 – 1.26)

  No

-

-

1.00

Previous preterm birth

0.390

  Yes

-

-

1.04 (0.94 – 1.15)

  No

-

-

1.00