Table 3 Non-adjusted analysis of the factors associated with inadequate prenatal care utilization

Predisposing characteristics

Maternal age (years)

<0,001

  < 20

878

50.6

1.35

1.25-1.46

  20 – 34

3,551

37.3

1

  ≥ 35

378

23.3

0.62

0.52-0.75

Parity

<0.001

  1

2,297

31.9

0.74

0.68-0.79

  2 – 4

2,342

43.3

1

  ≥ 5

168

66.1

1.53

1.36-1.72

Maternal schooling (years)

<0.001

  0 – 4

209

64.6

4.55

3.71-5.58

  5 – 8

1,066

56.8

4.00

3.32-4.81

  9 – 11

2,782

36.3

2.56

2.13-3.07

  ≥ 12

740

14.2

1

Marital status

<0.001

  With no companion

906

50.1

2.38

2.08-2.71

  Married

1,067

21.1

1

  Consensual union

2,834

41.6

1.97

1.74-2.23

Mother’s skin color

<0.001

  White

883

28.5

1

  Black

606

41.9

1.47

1.28-1.69

  Mulatto

3,250

40.9

1.43

1.28-1.60

Family head

<0.001

  Mother

454

27.8

1

  Others

4,353

39.8

1.43

1.23-1.67

Enabling resources

Monthly per capita family income in minimum wages

<0.001

  ≥1

1,750

22.5

1

  ≥0.5 to <1

1,369

43.8

1.94

1.75-2.16

  <0.5

858

54.5

2.42

2.18-2.70

  Missing

830

47.8

2.12

1.90-2.38

Category of prenatal care

<0.001

  Private

875

10.1

1

  Public

3,826

43.6

4.34

3.55-5.31

Coverage by the family health program

0.019

  No

3,300

37.6

1

  Yes

1,507

41.1

1.09

1.02-1.18

Need

Hypertension before or during pregnancy

<0.001

  Yes

873

33.3

0.84

0.76-0.93

  No

3,933

39.8

1

Diabetes before or during pregnancy

<0.001

  Yes

114

20.2

0.52

0.36-0.75

  No

4,689

39.0

1

Previous pregnancy loss

0.092

  Yes

1,116

36.5

0.93

0.85-1.01

  No

3,691

39.3

1

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

<0.001

  Yes

189

69.8

1.87

1.69-2.07

  No

4,618

37.4

1

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy

<0.001

  Yes

679

49.8

1.35

1.24-1.48

  No

4,128

36.8

1

Previous preterm birth

0.171

  Yes

691

41.0

1.07

0.97-1.18

  No

4,096

38.3

1