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Table 3 Demographic and obstetric covariates by maternal country of birth, Norway 1990–2009

From: Preterm subtypes by immigrants’ length of residence in Norway: a population-based study

 

Non-immigrants

Immigrants

 

n = 868 832

Pakistan n = 10 096

Somalia n = 8094

Vietnam n = 6336

Iraq n = 5879

Sri Lanka n = 5235

Philippines n = 5069

 

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

Period of birth

       

 1990-1998

46.1

40.4*

16.8*

38.8*

8.7*

37.7*

32.3*

 1999-2009

53.9

59.6

83.2

61.2

91.3

62.3

67.7

Age at migration

 

 <20 years

 

38.5

17.0

40.4

16.3

15.4

11.1

 ≥20 years

 

61.5

83.0

59.6

83.7

84.6

88.9

Period of arrival

 

 Before 1993

 

56.3

17.1

62.5

6.9

37.6

36.4

 1993 onwards

 

43.7

82.9

37.5

93.1

62.4

63.6

Maternal age (y)

 

 <20

2.7

2.1*

3.1*

1.8*

3.6*

1.0*

0.9*

 20-24

17.3

27.8

20.6

20.6

22.7

15.5

13.3

 25-29

35.2

35.4

33.6

35.9

32.5

37.1

31.8

 30-34

30.6

23.2

26.5

27.1

26.9

32.0

33.0

 35-39

12.2

9.2

12.8

11.8

11.8

12.7

17.2

 ≥40

1.9

2.2

3.5

2.8

2.6

1.8

3.7

Parity

 

 0

41.2

28.8*

23.4*

39.8*

35.6*

41.0

45.9*

 1

36.0

26.0

21.8

33.3

29.2

37.1

35.5

 ≥2

22.8

45.2

54.9

26.9

35.1

21.9

18.6

Education level

 

 <12 years

56.3

58.5

60.7

67.0

42.9

64.6

37.0

 ≥12 years

43.6

7.3*

3.8*

13.8*

10.9*

15.1*

30.2*

 missing

0.1

34.3

35.4

19.2

46.2

20.2

32.7

Size of labor unit

 

 <1500

37.6

1.5*

18.6*

11.7*

17.7*

23.1*

33.6*

 1500-2999

28.1

33.0

30.3

38.7

32.5

19.5

27.1

 ≥3000

34.3

65.4

51.2

49.6

49.8

57.3

39.3

Term gestational days, mean (SD)a

282 (9.0)

279* (9.0)

283* (9.3)

277* (9.3)

280* (8.7)

278* (9.7)

278* (9.0)

Gest.diabetes

0.7

3.4*

1.6*

1.5*

1.7*

5.4*

2.1*

Pregest. diabetes

0.5

1.6*

0.7

0.5

1.0*

1.8*

0.8*

Hypertensive disorder

5.2

3.9*

4.2*

1.8*

2.8*

3.7*

5.3

Abruptio placenta

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.5

Placenta previa

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.9*

SGAb

4.2

12.4*

8.5*

9.0*

6.9*

10.4*

5.3*

LGAc

6.3

2.5*

3.3*

2.3*

3.1*

3.1*

4.4*

Major birth defect

2.4

2.8*

2.7

1.6*

2.7

2.3

2.0

Smokingd

 

 Yes

18.9

0.6*

1.6*

2.0*

2.1*

0.3*

3.4*

 No

61.6

62.1

62.9

71.0

69.6

69.2

72.5

 Not disclosed

19.5

37.3

35.4

27.0

28.3

30.5

24.1

  1. *Different from non-immigrants (χ2 test with P < 0.05).
  2. aTerm gestational days with standard deviation was calculated in term infants with spontaneous labor onset.
  3. bSGA, small-for-gestational age infant, 5th percentile.
  4. cLGA, large-for-gestational age infant, 95th percentile.
  5. dLGA, large-for-gestational age infant, 95th percentile.
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