Characteristic1 | Cases (inadequate PNC) | Controls (adequate PNC) | Chi square | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 202 | n = 406 | |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Marital status | ||||
Married | 12 (6) | 169 (41.8) | 94.94 | <.001 |
Common-law | 68 (33.8) | 123 (30.4) | ||
Single/divorced/separated | 121 (60.2) | 112 (27.7) | ||
Total family income | ||||
< = $19,999 | 143 (77.7) | 118 (31.3) | 112.66 | <.001 |
$20,000-$39,999 | 27 (14.7) | 106 (28.1) | ||
$40,000-$59,999 | 9 (4.9) | 66 (17.5) | ||
> = $60,000 | 5 (2.7) | 87 (23.1) | ||
Years of education completed | ||||
< = 8 years | 32 (15.9) | 13 (3.2) | 129.87 | <.001 |
9-11 years | 119 (59.2) | 106 (26.4) | ||
12 years | 33 (16.4) | 89 (22.2) | ||
> = 13 years | 17 (8.5) | 193 (48.1) | ||
Racial background | ||||
Aboriginal | 171 (85.1) | 134 (33.2) | 147.44 | <.001 |
Black | 0 (0) | 14 (3.5) | ||
White | 24 (11.9) | 162 (40.1) | ||
Filipino | 1 (0.5) | 49 (12.1) | ||
Other | 5 (2.5) | 45 (11.1) | ||
Parity (prior to birth) | ||||
0 | 43 (21.3) | 201 (49.5) | 99.06 | <.001 |
1 | 48 (23.8) | 121 (29.8) | ||
2 | 30 (14.9) | 48 (11.8) | ||
3 | 36 (17.8) | 20 (4.9) | ||
> = 4 | 45 (22.3) | 16 (3.9) | ||
Weeks pregnant at first PNC visit 2 | ||||
< = 13 weeks | 50 (30.1) | 406 (100) | 355.88 | <.001 |
14-27 weeks | 71 (42.8) | 0 (0) | ||
> = 28 weeks | 45 (27.1) | 0 (0) | ||
Number of PNC visits 2 | ||||
< = 4 visits | 156 (91.2) | 0 (0) | 519.35 | <.001 |
5-9 visits | 13 (7.6) | 44 (10.8) | ||
10-14 visits | 2 (1.2) | 295 (72.7) | ||
> = 15 visits | 0 (0) | 67 (16.5) | ||
Had a paid job during pregnancy | ||||
Yes | 31 (15.4) | 262 (64.9) | 131.30 | <.001 |
No | 170 (84.6) | 142 (35.1) |