Pregnancy in prison (ii) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birth in prison | Birth out of prison | All pregnancy in prison (ii) | Prison controls (iii) | Community controls (iv) | |||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | P value (v) | n | % | P value (v) | ||
Maternal age (years) | |||||||||||||
Mean | 26.5 | 27.2 | 30.0 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Less than 20 | 6 | 6.1 | 11 | 5.4 | 17 | 5.6 | 108 | 8.7 | 0.0032 | 1540 | 3.9 | <0.0001 | |
20–24 | 34 | 34.3 | 93 | 45.8 | 127 | 42.1 | 382 | 30.9 | 6045 | 15.4 | |||
25–29 | 32 | 32.3 | 52 | 25.6 | 84 | 27.8 | 373 | 30.1 | 11472 | 29.1 | |||
30–34 | 20 | 20.2 | 34 | 16.7 | 54 | 17.9 | 252 | 20.4 | 12798 | 32.5 | |||
35 and over | 7 | 7.1 | 13 | 6.4 | 20 | 6.6 | 119 | 9.6 | 7414 | 18.8 | |||
Parity | |||||||||||||
None | 30 | 30.3 | 57 | 28.1 | 87 | 28.8 | 410 | 33.1 | 0.5511 | 22061 | 56.0 | <0.0001 | |
One | 29 | 29.3 | 52 | 25.6 | 81 | 26.8 | 337 | 27.2 | 9764 | 24.8 | |||
Two | 17 | 17.2 | 38 | 18.7 | 55 | 18.2 | 207 | 16.7 | 4792 | 12.2 | |||
Three | 10 | 10.1 | 26 | 12.8 | 36 | 11.9 | 138 | 11.1 | 1705 | 4.3 | |||
Four or more | 13 | 13.1 | 30 | 14.8 | 43 | 14.2 | 146 | 11.8 | 1006 | 2.6 | |||
Missing/not stated | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 39 | ||||
Parous | 69 | 69.7 | 146 | 71.9 | 215 | 71.2 | 828 | 66.9 | 0.1509 | 17267 | 43.9 | <0.0001 | |
Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander | 28 | 28.3 | 56 | 27.6 | 84 | 27.8 | 255 | 20.6 | 0.0068 | 863 | 2.2 | <0.0001 | |
Born in Australia | 85 | 85.9 | 181 | 89.2 | 266 | 88.1 | 1091 | 88.1 | 0.9821 | 27598 | 70.1 | <0.0001 | |
Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) | 4 | 4.0 | 3 | 1.5 | 7 | 2.3 | 76 | 6.1 | 0.0034 | 30 | 0.1 | <0.0001 | |
Mental health admission | 25 | 25.3 | 57 | 28.1 | 81 | 26.8 | 318 | 25.7 | 2345 | 6.0 | |||
Mental health admission and OST | 41 | 41.4 | 108 | 53.2 | 149 | 49.3 | 510 | 41.2 | 136 | 0.3 | |||
Mental health admission or OST | 70 | 70.7 | 168 | 82.8 | 237 | 78.5 | 904 | 73 | 0.0394 | 2511 | 6.4 | <0.0001 | |
Cigarettes/day (vi) | |||||||||||||
None | 23 | 23.2 | 29 | 14.3 | 52 | 17.2 | 287 | 23.2 | 0.0802 | 33699 | 85.6 | <0.001 | |
1–10 | 16 | 16.2 | 49 | 24.1 | 65 | 21.5 | 311 | 25.1 | 2974 | 7.6 | |||
>10 | 46 | 46.5 | 112 | 55.2 | 158 | 52.3 | 605 | 48.9 | 2428 | 6.2 | |||
Missing/not stated | 14 | 14.1 | 13 | 6.4 | 27 | 8.9 | 35 | 2.8 | 266 | 0.7 | |||
Total | 99 | 100.0 | 203 | 100.0 | 302 | 100.0 | 1238 | 100.0 | 39367 | 100.0 | |||
Any smoking during pregnancy | 76 | 76.8 | 174 | 85.7 | 250 | 82.8 | 960 | 77.5 | 0.0364 | 5813 | 14.8 | <0.0001 | |
Number of incarcerations (vii) | |||||||||||||
1 | 35 | 35.4 | 67 | 33.0 | 102 | 33.8 | 711 | 57.4 | <0.0001 | n/a | n/a | ||
2 | 14 | 14.1 | 39 | 19.2 | 53 | 17.5 | 256 | 20.7 | n/a | n/a | |||
3 | 11 | 11.1 | 35 | 17.2 | 46 | 15.2 | 111 | 9.0 | n/a | n/a | |||
4 | 12 | 12.1 | 15 | 7.4 | 27 | 8.9 | 67 | 5.4 | n/a | n/a | |||
5 | 5 | 5.1 | 8 | 3.9 | 13 | 4.3 | 33 | 2.7 | n/a | n/a | |||
6–10 | 17 | 17.2 | 32 | 15.8 | 49 | 16.2 | 55 | 4.4 | n/a | n/a | |||
11–20 | 5 | 5.1 | 7 | 3.4 | 12 | 4.0 | 5 | 0.4 | n/a | n/a | |||
Total N | 99 | 100.0 | 203 | 100.0 | 302 | 100.0 | 1238 | 100.0 | 39367 | 100.0 |