Maternal characteristics | Extent of smoking during pregnancy measured per day (nâ=â770) „ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 1 cigarette (nâ=â99) | 1-5 cigarettes (nâ=â380) | 6-10 cigarettes (nâ=â203) | â„ 11 cigarettes (nâ=â88) | p-value | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Â | |
Region of residency | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Western Europe* | 37 (37.4) | 135 (35.5) | 78 (38.4) | 27 (30.7) | 0.068 |
Northern Europeâ | 36 (36.4) | 98 (25.8) | 53 (26.1) | 19 (21.6) | Â |
Eastern Europe§ | 26 (26.3) | 147 (38.7) | 72 (35.5) | 42 (47.7) |  |
Maternal age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
†20 | 8 (8.1) | 25 (6.6) | 17 (8.4) | 1 (1.1) | 0.293 |
21-30 | 61 (61.6) | 227 (59.7) | 117 (57.6) | 53 (60.2) | Â |
31-40 | 29 (29.3) | 118 (31.1) | 68 (33.5) | 31 (35.2) | Â |
> 40 | 1 (1.0) | 10 (2.6) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (3.4) | Â |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Married/cohabiting | 88 (88.9) | 324 (85.3) | 180 (88.7) | 75 (85.2) | 0.588 |
Other | 11 (11.1) | 56 (14.7) | 23 (11.3) | 13 (14.8) | Â |
Highest education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Less than high school | 9 (9.1) | 44 (11.6) | 26 (12.8) | 16 (18.2) | 0.339 |
High school | 39 (39.4) | 178 (46.8) | 93 (45.8) | 37 (42.0) | Â |
More than high school | 38 (38.4) | 112 (29.5) | 53 (26.1) | 27 (30.7) | Â |
Other | 13 (13.1) | 46 (12.1) | 31 (15.3) | 8 (9.1) | Â |
Health literacy „„ |  |  |  |  |  |
Low | 9 (9.3) | 33 (8.8) | 24 (12.1) | 8 (9.4) | 0.655 |
Medium | 41 (42.3) | 184 (49.3) | 88 (44.2) | 36 (42.4) | Â |
High | 47 (48.5) | 156 (41.8) | 87 (43.7) | 41 (48.2) | Â |
Working status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Employed (not as HCP) | 64 (64.6) | 210 (55.4) | 100 (49.3) | 44 (50.6) | 0.109 |
HCP | 11 (11.1) | 40 (10.6) | 16 (7.9) | 5 (5.7) | Â |
Housewife | 7 (7.1) | 40 (10.6) | 25 (12.3) | 10 (11.5) | Â |
Other | 17 (17.2) | 89 (23.5) | 62 (30.5) | 28 (32.2) | Â |
First language | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Same as in country of residency | 91 (91.9) | 361 (95.3) | 196 (96.6) | 84 (96.6) | 0.314 |
Other | 8 (8.1) | 18 (4.7) | 7 (3.4) | 3 (3.4) | Â |
Previous children | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 58 (58.6) | 196 (51.6) | 95 (46.8) | 36 (40.9) | 0.071 |
Yes | 41 (41.4) | 184 (48.4) | 108 (53.2) | 52 (59.1) | Â |
Morbidity not incl. RD ** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 21 (21.2) | 71 (18.7) | 46 (22.7) | 19 (21.6) | 0.695 |
No | 78 (78.8) | 309 (81.3) | 157 (77.3) | 69 (78.4) | Â |
Respiratory disease â â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 9 (9.1) | 33 (8.7) | 18 (8.9) | 11 (12.5) | 0.731 |
No | 90 (90.9) | 347 (91.3) | 185 (91.1) | 77 (87.5) | Â |
Planned pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes/ not completely unexpected | 78 (78.8) | 317 (83.4) | 172 (84.7) | 80 (90.9) | 0.151 |
No, it was not planned | 21 (21.2) | 63 (16.6) | 31 (15.3) | 8 (9.1) | Â |
Folic acid use §§ |  |  |  |  |  |
Yes | 84 (86.6) | 322 (86.1) | 167 (83.1) | 68 (81.9) | 0.632 |
No | 13 (13.4) | 52 (13.9) | 34 (16.9) | 15 (18.1) | Â |
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 35 (35.4) | 67 (17.7) | 34 (16.9) | 18 (20.9) | 0.001 |
No | 64 (64.6) | 312 (82.3) | 167 (83.1) | 68 (79.1) | Â |