|
Intervention and planned place of birth
|
No. events/births
|
Incidence of events/100 births
|
Unadjusted
|
Adjusted
|
|---|
|
Spontaneous vertex birth
|
192 432/257 888
|
74.6
| | |
|
Hospital
|
179 307/242 715
|
73.9
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
12 447/14 477
|
86.0
|
2.17 (2.07-2.28)
|
2.73 (2.60-2.87)
|
|
Home birth
|
678/696
|
97.4
|
3.76 (2.91-4.86)
|
4.05 (3.09-5.32)
|
|
Ventouse delivery
|
25 940/257 888
|
10.1
| | |
|
Hospital
|
25 060/242 715
|
10.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
867/14 477
|
6.0
|
0.55 (0.52-0.60)
|
0.51 (0.47-0.54)
|
|
Home birth
|
13/696
|
1.9
|
0.16 (0.09-0.27)
|
0.18 (0.10-0.30)
|
|
Forceps delivery
|
13 188/257 888
|
5.1
| | |
|
Hospital
|
12 705/242 715
|
5.2
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
468/14 477
|
3.2
|
0.61 (0.55-0.66)
|
0.55 (0.50-0.60)
|
|
Home birth
|
15/696
|
2.2
|
0.37 (0.22-0.62)
|
0.44 (0.26-0.73)
|
|
Intrapartum caesarean section
|
26 385/257 888
|
10.2
| | |
|
Hospital
|
25 669/242 715
|
10.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
693/14 477
|
4.8
|
0.43 (0.39-0.46)
|
0.36 (0.34-0.39)
|
|
Home birth
|
23/696
|
3.3
|
0.27 (0.18-0.41)
|
0.27 (0.17-0.40)
|
|
3rd or 4th degree perineal trauma**
| | | | |
|
with episiotomy extensions
|
7 557/231 403
|
3.3
| | |
|
Hospital
|
7 083/216 955
|
3.3
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
461/13 782
|
3.3
|
1.03 (0.93-1.13)
|
0.93 (0.84-1.02)
|
|
Home birth
|
13/666
|
2.0
|
0.55 (0.32-0.96)
|
0.66 (0.38-1.14)
|
|
Syntocinon augmentation
|
51 719/257 888
|
20.1
| | |
|
Hospital
|
50 067/242 715
|
20.6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
1 612/14 477
|
11.1
|
0.48 (0.46-0.51)
|
0.43 (0.41-0.45)
|
|
Home birth
|
40/696
|
5.7
|
0.22 (0.16-0.30)
|
0.24 (0.17-0.33)
|
|
Epidural or spinal analgesia for labour
|
73 012/257 888
|
28.3
| | |
|
Hospital
|
70 635/242 715
|
29.1
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
2 321/14 477
|
16.0
|
0.47 (0.44-0.49)
|
0.40 (0.37-0.41)
|
|
Home birth
|
56/696
|
8.1
|
0.20 (0.15-0.26)
|
0.19 (0.15-0.26)
|
|
General anaesthesia ***
|
4 429/26 365
|
16.8
| | |
|
Hospital
|
4 357/25 649
|
17.0
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
70/693
|
10.1
|
0.55 (0.43-0.71)
|
0.61 (0.48-0.79)
|
|
Home birth
|
2/23
|
8.7
|
0.47 (0.11-1.99)
|
0.71 (0.16-3.06)
|
|
Episiotomy **
|
41 885/231 396
|
18.1
| | |
|
Hospital
|
40 506/216 948
|
18.7
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Birth centre
|
1 353/13 782
|
9.8
|
0.47 (0.45-0.50)
|
0.41 (0.39-0.44)
|
|
Home birth
|
26/666
|
3.9
|
0.17 (0.11-0.25)
|
0.18 (0.12-0.26)
|
- *Cases with missing data were not included in rates or regression calculations.
- **Denominator = vaginal birth.
- ***Denominator = caesarean section.
