Table 4 Chi-square analyses of associations between ‘effective suckling’ and proposed predictor variables
Independent variables | Proportion effective suckle n (%) | Χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Parity | Â | Â | Â |
 Primipara | 7 (9) | 8.778 | .003 |
 Multipara | 23 (29.5) |  |  |
Birth type | Â | Â | Â |
 Caesarean section | 4 (5.1) | 1.321 | .250 |
 Vaginal | 26 (33.3) |  |  |
Analgesia | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 18 (23.1) | .000 | 1.000 |
 Yes | 12 (15.4) |  |  |
Suction | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 28 (35.9) | 8.563 | .003 |
 Yes | 2 (2.6) |  |  |
Baby’s chin nudges mother’s breast |  |  |  |
 No | 4 (5.1) | 6.508 | 0.011 |
 Yes | 26 (33.3) |  |  |
Back of baby head held & assist to attach | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 25 (32.1) | .343 | .558 |
 Yes | 5 (6.4) |  |  |
Skin-to-skin contact start & duration | Â | Â | Â |
 Continuous uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact | 11 (14.1) | 3.685 | 0.298 |
 Interrupted skin-to-skin contact | 11 (14.1) |  |  |
 Skin-to-skin later | 7 (9) |  |  |
 No skin-to-skin contact | 1 (1.3) |  |  |