Table 2 Demographic characteristics of participants in phases three, four, and five 1
From: Quality of prenatal care questionnaire: instrument development and testing
Characteristic | Phase three | Phase four | Phase five |
|---|---|---|---|
Item reduction | Validity & reliability | Temporal stability | |
N = 422 | N = 422 | N = 234 | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Recruitment Site | |||
Vancouver | 82 (19.4) | 64 (15.2) | 9 (3.8) |
Calgary | 98 (23.2) | 61 (14.5) | 79 (33.8) |
Winnipeg | 77 (18.3) | 112 (26.5) | 67 (28.6) |
Hamilton | 86 (20.4) | 106 (25.1) | 79 (33.8) |
Halifax | 79 (18.7) | 79 (18.7) | 0* |
Marital Status | |||
Married | 281 (66.6) | 284 (67.3) | 168 (70.9) |
Common-law | 49 (11.6) | 74 (17.5) | 35 (14.8) |
Living with a partner | 10 (2.4) | 15 (3.6) | 13 (5.5) |
Single (never married) | 30 (7.1) | 45 (10.7) | 16 (6.8) |
Separated or divorced | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.8) |
Household Income | |||
Below $10,000 | 21 (5.0) | 25 (5.9) | 13 (5.5) |
$10,000 to $19,999 | 20 (4.7) | 40 (9.5) | 11 (4.6) |
$20,000 to $39,999 | 43 (10.2) | 50 (11.8) | 29 (12.2) |
$40,000 to $59,999 | 56 (13.3) | 65 (15.4) | 27 (11.4) |
$60,000 to $79,999 | 70 (16.6) | 48 (11.4) | 33 (13.9) |
$80,000 and above | 199 (47.2) | 179 (42.4) | 114 (48.1) |
Highest Level of Education | |||
Less than high school | 35 (8.3) | 34 (8.0) | 16 (6.8) |
Completed high school | 40 (9.5) | 54 (12.8) | 19 (8.0) |
Some community college or technical school | 40 (9.5) | 31 (7.3) | 24 (10.1) |
Completed community college or technical school | 93 (22.0) | 92 (21.8) | 41 (17.3) |
Some university | 39 (9.2) | 39 (9.2) | 20 (8.4) |
Completed bachelor’s degree | 122 (28.9) | 107 (25.4) | 77 (32.5) |
Graduate degree | 52 (12.3) | 63 (14.9) | 36 (15.2) |
Racial/Ethnic Background | |||
White | 316 (74.9) | 291 (69.0) | 174 (73.4) |
Aboriginal | 14 (3.3) | 23 (5.5) | 17 (7.2) |
Black | 13 (3.1) | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.3) |
Chinese | 18 (4.3) | 15 (3.6) | 9 (3.8) |
Filipino | 18 (4.3) | 27 (6.4) | 4 (1.7) |
Latin American | 8 (1.9) | 5 (1.2) | 5 (2.1) |
South Asian | 13 (3.1) | 7 (1.7) | 6 (2.5) |
Other | 18 (4.3) | 40 (9.5) | 16 (6.8) |
Born in Canada | |||
Yes | 324 (76.8) | 318 (75.4) | 191 (80.6) |
No | 92 (21.8) | 102 (24.2) | 42 (17.7) |
Language Spoken Most Often at Home | |||
English | 352 (83.4) | 352 (83.4) | 205 (86.5) |
French | 8 (1.9) | 5 (1.2) | 1 (0.4) |
Chinese | 9 (2.1) | 7 (1.7) | 4 (1.7) |
Tagalog (Filipino) | 3 (0.7) | 13 (3.1) | 2 (0.8) |
Other | 32 (7.6) | 24 (5.7) | 13 (5.6) |
Prenatal Care Provider** | |||
Family physician | 254 (60.0) | 253 (60.0) | 149 (62.9) |
Obstetrician | 270 (64.0) | 281 (66.6) | 158 (66.7) |
Midwife | 46 (11.0) | 39 (9.2) | 27 (11.4) |
Nurse practitioner | 30 (7.0) | 56 (13.3) | 45 (19.0) |
Site of Prenatal Care | |||
Private office | 211 (50.0) | 165 (39.1) | 73 (30.8) |
Clinic | 175 (41.5) | 201 (47.6) | 87 (36.7) |
Outpatient department of a hospital | 28 (6.6) | 42 (10.0) | 47 (19.8) |
Type of Delivery*** | |||
Vaginal | 289 (68.5) | 318 (75.4) | 154 (65.0) |
Planned C-section | 62 (14.7) | 47 (11.1) | 12 (5.1) |
Unplanned C-section | 71 (16.8) | 55 (13.0) | 28 (11.8) |
Parity*** | |||
Primipara | 169 (40.0) | 157 (37.2) | 113 (48.3) |
Multipara | 239 (56.6) | 248 (58.8) | 103 (40.0) |
Maternal Health | |||
Chronic health problem | 49 (11.6) | 37 (8.8) | 37 (15.6) |
Complication during pregnancy | 104 (24.6) | 100 (23.7) | 39 (16.7) |
Medical problem since delivery | 20 (4.7) | 18 (4.3) | 21 (8.9) |
Infant*** | |||
Boy | 224 (53.1) | 194 (46.0) | 87 (36.7) |
Girl | 198 (46.9) | 227 (53.8) | 106 (44.7) |
Variable | Mean ( SD ) | Mean ( SD ) | Mean ( SD ) |
Maternal age (years) | 30.2 (5.3) | 30.2 (5.1) | 29.7 (4.8) |
Gestational age at first prenatal care visit (weeks) | 10.9 (9.0) | 10.6 (5.8) | 10.2 (5.4) |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)*** | 39.2 (1.4) | 39.3 (2.0) | 39.6 (1.2) |
Birth weight of infant (grams)*** | 3406.3 (544.3) | 3465.9 (496.3) | 3506.8 (472.2) |