Table 1 Overall characteristics of Canadian teen mothers and adult mothers in 2006–2007 maternity experiences survey (N = 6,304)
Characteristics | Teen mothers | Adult mothers | All mothers | P-value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Outcome variable | ||||
Postpartum depression | <0.001 | |||
No | 160 (86.0) | 5,676 (92.8) | 5836 (92.6) | |
Yes | 26 (14.0) | 442 (7.2) | 468 (7.4) | |
Social support around pregnancy | ||||
Overall support during pregnancy | 0.035 | |||
All of the time | 187 (65.0) | 3,443 (57.4) | 3630 (57.7) | |
Most of the time | 67 (23.1) | 1,791 (29.8) | 1858 (29.5) | |
None/Little/Some of the time | 34 (11.9) | 768 (12.8) | 802 (12.8) | |
Overall support after birth | 0.003 | |||
All of the time | 173 (60.4) | 3,067 (51.0) | 3240 (51.5) | |
Most of the time | 68 (23.7) | 1,997 (33.3) | 2065 (32.8) | |
None/Little/Some of the time | 46 (15.9) | 943 (15.7) | 989 (15.7) | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Age | ||||
Teen mother (15–19 years) | N/A | N/A | 186 (3.0) | |
Adult mother (20+ years) | N/A | N/A | 6118 (97.0) | |
Urban–rural residence | <0.001 | |||
Rural area | 51 (18.8) | 1,042 (17.9) | 1093 (17.9) | |
Urban, population ≤499,999 | 136 (50.2) | 2,145 (36.8) | 2281 (37.4) | |
Urban, population ≥500,000 | 84 (31.0) | 2,644 (45.3) | 2728 (44.7) | |
Immigration to Canada | ||||
No | N/A | N/A | 4953 (78.4) | |
Yes | N/A | N/A | 1362 (21.6) | |
Level of education | ||||
High school or less | N/A | N/A | 1307 (20.8) | |
Some postsecondary education | N/A | N/A | 2743 (43.6) | |
Undergraduate education | N/A | N/A | 1617 (25.7) | |
Graduate education | N/A | N/A | 619 (9.9) | |
Partner/Significant other | <0.001 | |||
No | 137 (48.2) | 427 (7.1) | 564 (9.0) | |
Yes | 148 (51.8) | 5,576 (92.9) | 5724 (91.0) | |
Previous depression diagnosis | ||||
No | N/A | N/A | 5350 (84.6) | |
Yes | N/A | N/A | 977 (15.4) | |
Pregnancy-related characteristics | ||||
Wanted the pregnancy | <0.001 | |||
Then or Sooner | 77 (27.1) | 4,443 (74.3) | 4520 (72.2) | |
Later or Not at all | 207 (72.9) | 1,534 (25.7) | 1741 (27.8) | |
Health problems during pregnancy | 0.822 | |||
No | 216 (74.9) | 4,536 (75.5) | 4752 (75.5) | |
Yes | 72 (25.1) | 1,473 (24.5) | 1545 (24.5) | |
Work during pregnancy | <0.001 | |||
No | 226 (79.4) | 5,450 (90.8) | 5676 (90.2) | |
Yes | 59 (20.6) | 555 (9.2) | 614 (9.8) | |
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy | <0.001 | |||
No | 205 (71.1) | 5,411 (90.0) | 5616 (89.1) | |
Yes | 83 (28.9) | 601 (10.0) | 684 (10.9) | |
Alcohol use during pregnancy | ||||
No | N/A | N/A | 5638 (89.4) | |
Yes | N/A | N/A | 668 (10.6) | |
Drug use during pregnancy | ||||
No | N/A | N/A | 6263 (99.0) | |
Yes | N/A | N/A | 63 (1.0) | |
Delivery characteristics | ||||
Type of delivery | 0.025 | |||
Vaginal | 230 (79.8) | 4,424 (73.6) | 4654 (73.9) | |
Caesarean | 58 (20.2) | 1,586 (26.4) | 1644 (26.1) | |
Birth setting | ||||
Hospital/clinic | N/A | N/A | 6207 (98.0) | |
Birthing centre/private/other | N/A | N/A | 129 (2.0) | |
General experience in labour & birth | ||||
Negative | N/A | N/A | 578 (9.2) | |
Positive | N/A | N/A | 5058 (80.2) | |
Neither | N/A | N/A | 671 (10.6) | |
Postpartum characteristics | ||||
Mother’s hospitalization after birth | <0.001 | |||
No | 265 (92.0) | 5,828 (96.9) | 6093 (96.7) | |
Yes | 23 (8.0) | 188 (3.1) | 211 (3.3) | |
Work after pregnancy | ||||
No | N/A | N/A | 5461 (86.4) | |
Yes | N/A | N/A | 861 (13.6) | |
Enough information on PPD | 0.174 | |||
No | 30 (10.5) | 478 (7.9) | 508 (8.1) | |
Yes | 257 (89.5) | 5,535 (92.1) | 5792 (91.9) |