From: Low birth weight in São Luís, northeastern Brazil: trends and associated factors
Variables | %Low birth weight | Odds ratio* | 95% Confidence interval | p** |
---|---|---|---|---|
Newborn’s sex | 0.026 | |||
Male | 6.7 | 1 | Reference | |
Female | 8.3 | 1.26 | (1.02; 1.56) | |
Preterm birth | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 40.3 | 20.92 | (16.53; 26.48) | |
No | 3.1 | 1 | Reference | |
IUGR*** | <0.001 | |||
No | 3.3 | 1 | Reference | |
Mild | 8.0 | 2.56 | (1.97; 4.05) | |
Moderate | 15.2 | 5.27 | (3.79; 8.13) | |
Severe | 72.2 | 76.87 | (55.40; 106.64) | |
Maternal age(years) | 0.107 | |||
<18 | 9.4 | 1.38 | (0.98; 1.95) | |
18 – 19 | 8.7 | 1.28 | (0.91; 1.78) | |
20 – 34 | 6.9 | 1 | Referência | |
≥35 | 9.1 | 1.33 | (0.92; 1.93) | |
Maternal schooling (years) | 0.861 | |||
0 to 4 | 7.0 | 0.96 | (0.54; 1.72) | |
5 to 8 | 7.2 | 0.99 | (0.66; 1.41) | |
9 to 11 | 7.7 | 1.06 | (0.78; 1.44) | |
≥12 | 7.3 | 1 | Reference | |
Missing | 15.4 | 2.32 | (0.50; 10.74) | |
Marital status | 0.020 | |||
Married | 6.3 | 1 | Reference | |
Consensual union | 7.3 | 1.18 | (0.89; 1.56) | |
Without a companion | 9.5 | 1.56 | (1.13; 2.17) | |
Family income (minimum wages) | 0.107 | |||
≤1 | 8.3 | 1.37 | (0.97; 1.93) | |
1- 3 | 7.9 | 1.31 | (0.99; 1.72) | |
>3 | 6.2 | 1 | Reference | |
Missing | 7.8 | 1.29 | (0.93; 1.80) | |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | <0.001 | |||
No | 7.2 | 1 | Reference | |
Yes | 16.1 | 2.49 | (1.65; 3.73) | |
Occupation of the family head | 0.346 | |||
Non-manual | 6.9 | 1 | Reference | |
Skilled manual worker | 8.2 | 1.20 | (0.90; 1.60) | |
Unskilled manual worker | 6.9 | 0.98 | (0.73; 1.33) | |
Missing | 8.5 | 1.24 | (0.68; 2.25) | |
Parity | 0.003 | |||
1 | 8.8 | 1.50 | (1.16; 1.93) | |
2 | 6.0 | 1 | Reference | |
≥3 | 6.8 | 1.14 | (0.83; 1.56) | |
Adequacy of prenatal care use | <0.001 | |||
Adequate | 7.6 | 1 | Reference | |
Inadequate | 6.8 | 0.89 | (0.70; 1.12) | |
No care | 20.0 | 3.04 | (1.80; 5.11) | |
Missing | 6.2 | 0.80 | (0.47; 1.36) | |
Category of delivery care | 0.293 | |||
Private | 6.6 | 1 | Reference | |
Public | 7.7 | 1.17 | (0.86; 1.58) | |
Type of delivery | 0.265 | |||
Vaginal | 7.9 | 1 | Reference | |
Cesarean | 7.1 | 0.88 | (0.71; 1.09) |