From: Low birth weight in São Luís, northeastern Brazil: trends and associated factors
Variables | % Low birth weight | Odds ratio* | 95% Confidence interval | p** |
---|---|---|---|---|
Newborn’s sex | 0.701 | |||
Male | 7.4 | 1 | Reference | |
Female | 7.8 | 1.06 | (0.78; 1.43) | |
Preterm birth | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 31.6 | 10.42 | (7.55; 14.38) | |
No | 4.2 | 1 | Reference | |
IUGR*** | <0.001 | |||
No | 3.1 | 1 | Reference | |
Mild | 5.1 | 1.66 | (0.81; 3.41) | |
Moderate | 11.9 | 4.23 | (2.25; 7.97) | |
Severe | 74.3 | 90.34 | (57.02; 143.12) | |
Maternal age (years) | 0.005 | |||
<18 | 12.9 | 2.00 | (1.37; 2.93) | |
18 – 19 | 6.6 | 0.95 | (0.61; 1.47) | |
20 – 34 | 6.9 | 1 | Reference | |
≥35 | 6.9 | 1.00 | (0.45; 2.22) | |
Maternal schooling (years) | 0.197 | |||
0 - 4 | 7.7 | 2.39 | (0.82; 6.91) | |
5 - 8 | 8.3 | 2.61 | (0.94; 7.26) | |
9 - 11 | 7.3 | 2.27 | (0.81; 6.63) | |
≥12 | 3.4 | 1 | Reference | |
Marital status | 0.340 | |||
Married | 6.4 | 1 | Reference | |
Consensual union | 8.2 | 1.30 | (0.89; 1.88) | |
Without a companion | 8.0 | 1.27 | (0.83; 1.94) | |
Family income (minimum wages) | 0.073 | |||
≤1 | 9.3 | 1.25 | (0.87; 1.78) | |
1- 3 | 7.8 | 1.52 | (1.00; 2.32) | |
>3 | 6.3 | 1 | Reference | |
Missing | 11.3 | 1.89 | (1.09; 3.29) | |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 0.036 | |||
No | 7.4 | 1 | Reference | |
Yes | 13.5 | 1.95 | (1.09; 3.50) | |
Occupation of the family head | 0.677 | |||
Non-manual | 6.8 | 1 | Reference | |
Skilled manual worker | 7.9 | 1.18 | (0.78; 1.78) | |
Unskilled manual worker | 7.4 | 1.10 | (0.70; 1.70) | |
Missing | 10.8 | 1.65 | (0.70; 3.90) | |
Parity | 0.001 | |||
1 | 9.6 | 1.72 | (1.19; 2.48) | |
2 | 5.8 | 1 | Reference | |
≥3 | 5.5 | 0.94 | (0.57; 1.53) | |
Adequacy of prenatal care use | 0.850 | |||
Adequate | 7.9 | 1 | Reference | |
Inadequate | 7.1 | 0.89 | (0.64; 1.23) | |
No care | 8.5 | 1.09 | (0.63; 1.87) | |
Missing | 8.6 | 1.09 | (0.33; 3.64) | |
Category of delivery care | 0.133 | |||
Private | 4.5 | 1 | Reference | |
Public | 8.0 | 1.45 | (0.87; 2.43) | |
Type of delivery | 0.027 | |||
Vaginal | 7.5 | 1 | Reference | |
Cesarean | 7.9 | 1.85 | (1.02; 3.38) |