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Table 2 Distribution of births according to maternal, socioeconomic and demographic factors – 1997/98 and 2010 São Luís birth cohorts

From: Low birth weight in São Luís, northeastern Brazil: trends and associated factors

Variables

São Luís 1997/98

São Luís 2010

p*

n= 2.426

n=5.040

n

%

n

%

Maternal age (years)

    

<0.001

 < 18

317

13.1

437

8.7

 

 18 – 19

396

16.3

504

10.0

 

 20 – 34

1612

66.4

3713

73.7

 

 ≥ 35

101

4.2

486

7.6

 

Maternal schooling (years)

    

<0.001

 0 - 4

416

17.1

227

4.5

 

 5 - 8

1031

42.5

1122

22.3

 

 9 - 11

860

35.5

2920

57.9

 

 ≥12

119

4.9

758

11.0

 

 Missing

-

-

13

0.3

 

Marital status

    

<0.001

 Married

702

28.9

1101

21.8

 

 Consensual union

1137

46.9

2981

59.2

 

 Without a companion

587

24.2

958

19.0

 

Family income (minimum wages)

    

<0.001

 ≤1

398

16.4

736

14.6

 

 1- 3

837

34.5

2040

40.5

 

 >3

1032

42.5

1362

27.0

 

 Missing

159

6.6

902

17.9

 

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

    

0.212

 No

2322

95.7

4854

96.3

 

 Yes

104

4.3

186

3.7

 

Occupation of the family head

    

0.001

 Non-manual

500

20.6

1036

20.5

 

 Skilled manual worker

1094

45.1

2050

40.7

 

 Unskilled manual worker

767

31.6

1789

35.5

 

 Missing

65

2.7

165

3.3

 

Parity

    

0.627

 1

1181

48.7

2404

47.7

 

 2

720

29.7

1549

30.7

 

 ≥3

525

21.6

1087

21.6

 

Adequacy of prenatal care use

    

<0.001

 Adequate

1245

51.3

2988

59.3

 

 Inadequate

947

39.1

1700

33.7

 

 No care

199

8.2

95

1.9

 

 Missing

35

1.4

257

5.1

 

Category of delivery care

    

<0.001

 Private

268

11.0

801

15.9

 

 Public

2158

89.0

4239

84.1

 

Type of delivery

    

<0.001

 Vaginal

1608

66.3

2675

53.1

 

 Cesarean

818

34.7

2365

47.9

 
  1. *p-value calculated by the Pearson chi-square test.