| Lean group | Obese group | Obese GDM group | P-value1 | Adjusted p-value2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight [g] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Birth | 3,449 ± 332 [15] | 3,651 ± 285 [13] | 3,617 ± 333 [16] | 0.201 | 0.169 |
  Week-6 | 4,701 ± 330 [15] | 4,963 ± 635 [13] | 5,285 ± 517 [12] | 0.017b | 0.170 |
  Month-4 | 6,468 ± 522 [15] | 6,929 ± 829 [11] | 7,066 ± 732 [13] | 0.071 | 0.211 |
  Year-1 | 9,786 ± 915 [15] | 10,356 ± 1273 [12] | 10,392 ± 1212 [14] | 0.286 | 0.549 |
Weight gain [g] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Δ Week-6 - birth | 1,265 (1,095-1,480) [15] | 1,480 (775–1,690) [13] | 1,550 (1,361-1,892) [12] | 0.017b | 0.394 |
  Δ Month-4 - week-6 | 1,734 (1,390-2,100) [15] | 2,070 (1,840-2,300) [11] | 1,848 (1,460-2,100) [11] | 0.112 | 0.042a |
  Δ Year-1 - month-4 | 3,318 ± 760 [15] | 3,228 ± 801 [11] | 3,329 ± 666 [13] | 0.936 | 0.937 |
  Δ Year-1 - birth | 6,337 ± 996 [15] | 6,665 ± 1,220 [12] | 6,765 ± 1,102 [14] | 0.554 | 0.722 |
Length [cm] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Birth | 51.8 ± 1.5 [15] | 52.5 ± 1.4 [13] | 52.3 ± 1.5 [16] | 0.299 | 0.264 |
  Week-6 | 55.6 ± 0.9 [15] | 56.0 ± 1.8 [13] | 56.4 ± 1.4 [12] | 0.360 | 0.738 |
  Month-4 | 63.3 ± 1.2 [15] | 64.4 ± 2.0 [11] | 63.7 ± 1.4 [13] | 0.226 | 0.177 |
  Year-1 | 76.5 ± 2.3 [15] | 77.5 ± 2.6 [12] | 76.7 ± 2.7 [14] | 0.551 | 0.666 |
Ponderal index [g/cm 3 ] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Birth | 6.65 ± 0.54 [15] | 6.95 ± 0.48 [13] | 6.81 ± 0.51 [16] | 0.291 | 0.287 |
  Week-6 | 8.45 ± 0.55 [15] | 8.86 ± 1.03 [13] | 9.36 ± 0.75 [12] | 0.018b | 0.176 |
  Month-4 | 10.21 ± 0.81 [15] | 10.74 ± 1.06 [11] | 11.04 ± 0.97 [13] | 0.073 | 0.272 |
  Year-1 | 12.80 ± 1.04 [15] | 13.34 ± 1.38 [12] | 13.52 ± 1.30 [14] | 0.262 | 0.616 |
Head circumference [cm] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Birth | 34.0 (34.0-35.5) [15] | 35.0 (34.5-36.5) [13] | 35.5(34.0-36.0) [16] | 0.072 | 0.410 |
  Week-6 | 37.5 (37.0-38.8) [15] | 38.3 (37.6-39.7) [13] | 38.9 (37.7-40.0) [12] | 0.023b | 0.096 |
  Month-4 | 41.1 ± 1.2 [15] | 42.1 ± 1.7 [11] | 42.0 ± 1.3 [13] | 0.132 | 0.184 |
  Year-1 | 45.6 ± 1.4 [15] | 47.0 ± 1.6 [12] | 47.1 ± 1.7 [14] | 0.072 | 0.105 |
Waist circumference [cm] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Year-1 | 45.1 ± 2.4 [15] | 45.6 ± 4.0 [12] | 45.7 ± 3.0 [14] | 0.859 | 0.897 |