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Table 2 Anthropometric infant data from birth to year-1

From: Effect of maternal obesity with and without gestational diabetes on offspring subcutaneous and preperitoneal adipose tissue development from birth up to year-1

 

Lean group

Obese group

Obese GDM group

P-value1

Adjusted p-value2

Weight [g]

     

  Birth

3,449 ± 332 [15]

3,651 ± 285 [13]

3,617 ± 333 [16]

0.201

0.169

  Week-6

4,701 ± 330 [15]

4,963 ± 635 [13]

5,285 ± 517 [12]

0.017b

0.170

  Month-4

6,468 ± 522 [15]

6,929 ± 829 [11]

7,066 ± 732 [13]

0.071

0.211

  Year-1

9,786 ± 915 [15]

10,356 ± 1273 [12]

10,392 ± 1212 [14]

0.286

0.549

Weight gain [g]

     

  Δ Week-6 - birth

1,265 (1,095-1,480) [15]

1,480 (775–1,690) [13]

1,550 (1,361-1,892) [12]

0.017b

0.394

  Δ Month-4 - week-6

1,734 (1,390-2,100) [15]

2,070 (1,840-2,300) [11]

1,848 (1,460-2,100) [11]

0.112

0.042a

  Δ Year-1 - month-4

3,318 ± 760 [15]

3,228 ± 801 [11]

3,329 ± 666 [13]

0.936

0.937

  Δ Year-1 - birth

6,337 ± 996 [15]

6,665 ± 1,220 [12]

6,765 ± 1,102 [14]

0.554

0.722

Length [cm]

     

  Birth

51.8 ± 1.5 [15]

52.5 ± 1.4 [13]

52.3 ± 1.5 [16]

0.299

0.264

  Week-6

55.6 ± 0.9 [15]

56.0 ± 1.8 [13]

56.4 ± 1.4 [12]

0.360

0.738

  Month-4

63.3 ± 1.2 [15]

64.4 ± 2.0 [11]

63.7 ± 1.4 [13]

0.226

0.177

  Year-1

76.5 ± 2.3 [15]

77.5 ± 2.6 [12]

76.7 ± 2.7 [14]

0.551

0.666

Ponderal index [g/cm 3 ]

     

  Birth

6.65 ± 0.54 [15]

6.95 ± 0.48 [13]

6.81 ± 0.51 [16]

0.291

0.287

  Week-6

8.45 ± 0.55 [15]

8.86 ± 1.03 [13]

9.36 ± 0.75 [12]

0.018b

0.176

  Month-4

10.21 ± 0.81 [15]

10.74 ± 1.06 [11]

11.04 ± 0.97 [13]

0.073

0.272

  Year-1

12.80 ± 1.04 [15]

13.34 ± 1.38 [12]

13.52 ± 1.30 [14]

0.262

0.616

Head circumference [cm]

     

  Birth

34.0 (34.0-35.5) [15]

35.0 (34.5-36.5) [13]

35.5(34.0-36.0) [16]

0.072

0.410

  Week-6

37.5 (37.0-38.8) [15]

38.3 (37.6-39.7) [13]

38.9 (37.7-40.0) [12]

0.023b

0.096

  Month-4

41.1 ± 1.2 [15]

42.1 ± 1.7 [11]

42.0 ± 1.3 [13]

0.132

0.184

  Year-1

45.6 ± 1.4 [15]

47.0 ± 1.6 [12]

47.1 ± 1.7 [14]

0.072

0.105

Waist circumference [cm]

     

  Year-1

45.1 ± 2.4 [15]

45.6 ± 4.0 [12]

45.7 ± 3.0 [14]

0.859

0.897

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD; otherwise skewed variables are presented as median followed by interquartile range, numbers in brackets represent number of infants included in the analysis.
  2. 1One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc test or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis-test with Dunn’s post hoc test.
  3. 2Statistical analyses were performed by multiple linear regression models. P-values for parameters at week-1 were adjusted for infant sex, pregnancy duration and age at investigation. P-values at week-6, month-4 and year-1 were adjusted for infant sex, pregnancy duration, age at investigation and corresponding breastfeeding.
  4. aP-value < 0.05 obese vs. lean group; bp-value < 0.05 obese GDM vs. lean group.