From: Diabetes in pregnancy among First Nations women in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective analysis
All women | First Nations | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 427,058) | (n = 28,306) | |||||||
Variable | OR (95% CI) for GDM | P-value | OR (95% CI) for pre-existing diabetes | P-value | OR (95% CI) for GDM | P-value | OR (95% CI) for pre-existing diabetes | P-value |
First Nations ethnicity | 1.47 (1.38-1.57) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.52-1.96) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – |
Rural residence | 0.69 (0.66-0.73) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Age ≤ 17* | 0.35 (0.28-0.45) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.16-0.52) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.34-0.67) | <0.001 | 0.42 (0.18-0.94) | 0.035 |
Age ≥ 35* | 2.34 (2.26-2.42) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.43-1.72) | <0.001 | 2.81 (2.41-3.27) | <0.001 | 2.23 (1.64-3.02) | <0.001 |
Weight ≥ 91 kg | 2.51 (2.40-2.61) | <0.001 | 2.31 (2.10-2.54) | <0.001 | 2.93 (2.56-3.33) | <0.001 | 3.25 (2.52-4.18) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.63 (1.45-1.84) | <0.001 | 4.45 (3.82-5.43) | <0.001 | – | – | 5.09 (3.03-8.58) | <0.001 |
Previous stillbirth | 1.96 (1.75-2.18) | <0.001 | 2.56 (2.07-3.18) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.30-2.38) | <0.001 | 3.05 (1.93-4.81) | <0.001 |
Previous abortion | – | – | 1.42 (1.23-1.64) | <0.001 | – | – | 1.58 (1.11-2.25) | 0.012 |
Previous cesarean section | 1.37 (1.32-1.43) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.61-1.94) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.20-1.63) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.41-2.47) | <0.001 |
Previous small for gestational age infant | – | – | 0.53 (0.29-0.96) | 0.038 | – | – | – | – |
Previous large for gestational age infant | – | – | 2.79 (2.31-3.39) | <0.001 | 2.58 (1.99-3.35) | <0.001 | 3.23 (2.10-4.97) | <0.001 |
Proteinuria | 1.61 (1.48-1.76) | <0.001 | 2.62 (2.23-3.08) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.40-2.44) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.26-3.32) | 0.04 |
Smoker | 0.90 (0.86-0.94) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Drug dependant | 0.51 (0.41-0.63) | <0.001 | – | – | 0.54 (0.39-0.74) | <0.001 | – | – |
Alcohol anytime | – | – | 0.68 (0.50-0.93) | 0.016 | – | – | – | – |