Table 1 Characteristics of 249 women who underwent ECV between October 2007 and May 2012
| Ā | All women (Nā=ā249) | Nulliparous women (Nā=ā167) | Parous women (Nā=ā82) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Mean (SD)/Median (min-max) | N (%) | Mean (SD)/Median (min-max) | N (%) | Mean (SD)/Median (min-max) | ||
Demographic features | |||||||
Maternal age (years) | Ā | 31.43 (4.22) | Ā | 30.95 (4.36) | Ā | 32.41 (3.75) | 0.010 1 |
BMI | Ā | 22.69 (17.4-47.3) | Ā | 22.60 (17.7-38.9) | Ā | 22.70 (17.4-47.3) | 0.6873 |
ā<30 | 226 (90.8) | Ā | 153 (91.6) | Ā | 73 (89.0) | Ā | Ā |
āā„30 | 23 (9.2) | Ā | 14 (8.4) | Ā | 9 (11.0) | Ā | Ā |
Any tobacco use | 16 (6.4) | Ā | 11 (6.6) | Ā | 5 (6.1) | Ā | 0.4162 |
Any alcohol use | 13 (5.2) | Ā | 9 (5.4) | Ā | 4 (4.9) | Ā | 0.4572 |
Obstetrical features | |||||||
Gestational age at ECV | Ā | 36.07 (0.80) | Ā | 35.98 (0.74) | Ā | 36.24 (0.89) | 0.017 1 |
ā<ā37 | 222 (89.2) | Ā | 151 (90.4) | Ā | 71 (86.6) | Ā | Ā |
āā„ 37 | 27 (10.8) | Ā | 16 (9.6) | Ā | 11 (13.4) | Ā | Ā |
Type of breech | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.0552 |
āNon-frank | 80 (32.1) | Ā | 47 (28.1) | Ā | 33 (40.2) | Ā | Ā |
āFrank | 169 (67.9) | Ā | 120 (71.9) | Ā | 49 (59.8) | Ā | Ā |
Placenta location | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.7932 |
āPosterior/lateral | 159 (64.1) | Ā | 108 (64.7) | Ā | 51 (62.2) | Ā | Ā |
āAnterior | 89 (35.9) | Ā | 59 (35.3) | Ā | 30 (36.6) | Ā | Ā |
AFI | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.1172 |
ā>10 | 99 (39.9) | Ā | 61 (36.5) | Ā | 38 (46.9) | Ā | Ā |
āā¤10 | 149 (60.1) | Ā | 106 (63.5) | Ā | 43 (53.1) | Ā | Ā |
Tonus abdominal muscles | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.008 2 |
āWeak/normal | 205 (82.3) | Ā | 130 (77.8) | Ā | 75 (91.5) | Ā | Ā |
āStrong | 44 (17.7) | Ā | 37 (22.2) | Ā | 7 (8.5) | Ā | Ā |
Tonus uterus | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.0332 |
āRelaxed/normal | 189 (75.9) | Ā | 120 (71.9) | Ā | 69 (84.1) | Ā | Ā |
āIntense | 60 (24.1) | Ā | 47 (28.1) | Ā | 13 (15.9) | Ā | Ā |
Engagement | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | <0.001 2 |
āBreech above pelvic inlet | 118 (47.6) | Ā | 65 (39.2) | Ā | 53 (64.6) | Ā | Ā |
āBreech in pelvic inlet | 130 (52.4) | Ā | 101 (60.8) | Ā | 29 (35.4) | Ā | Ā |
Head palpable | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.6292 |
āYes | 231 (92.8) | 3.73 (2.86) | 154 (92.2) | 4.09 (2.68) | 77 (93.9) | 3.00 (3.10) | Ā |
āNo | 18 (7.2) | 2626.22 (325.62) | 13 (7.8) | 2599.83 (319.76) | 5 (6.1) | 2679.63 (332.77) | Ā |
Duration ECV (min) | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.005 1 |
EFW (gram) | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | 0.0691 |
Psychosocial features | |||||||
Degree of fear before ECV | Ā | 5.31 (2.24) | Ā | 5.35 (2.22) | Ā | 5.22 (2.28) | 0.6591 |
Total EDS- score | Ā | 4.28 (3.96) | Ā | 4.07 (4.07) | Ā | 4.71 (3.71) | 0.2311 |
EDS >10 | Ā | 18 (7.2) | Ā | 14 (8.4) | Ā | 4 (4.9) | 0.3152 |
Outcome | |||||||
Cephalic presentation after ECV | Ā | 138 (55.4) | Ā | 74 (44.3) | Ā | 64 (78.0) | <0.001 2 |