From: Regional variation in caesarean deliveries in Germany and its causes
Former East Germany | Former West Germany | By year | By region | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004a | 2005 | 2006f | 2004a | 2005 | 2006f | |||
Diagnosesb | % | % | % | % | % | % | p-valuee | p-valuee |
Twins and higher order pregnancies | 71.85 | 71.38 | 68.28 | 75.30 | 74.42 | 74.34 | 0.3512 | 0.0118 |
Anomalies of the fetal presentation | 76.72 | 74.41 | 75.83 | 79.15 | 79.56 | 78.83 | 0.4934 | <.0001 |
Intrauterine growth restriction | 47.96 | 44.55 | 42.88 | 52.91 | 51.58 | 50.67 | 0.0259 | <.0001 |
Post date pregnancy | 18.58 | 17.88 | 19.96 | 24.73 | 24.96 | 25.80 | 0.0303 | <.0001 |
Preterm delivery | 50.49 | 46.55 | 46.63 | 54.25 | 54.34 | 55.44 | 0.7540 | <.0001 |
Maternal distress | 46.67 | 39.33 | 45.22 | 57.63 | 60.29 | 55.81 | 0.6702 | <.0001 |
Obstructed labour | 54.01 | 52.51 | 49.40 | 53.54 | 54.39 | 54.73 | 0.8577 | 0.3510 |
Asphyxia | 31.08 | 29.07 | 29.75 | 36.92 | 36.54 | 37.24 | 0.9664 | <.0001 |
Prolonged birth | 44.84 | 45.66 | 50.08 | 48.84 | 49.63 | 50.60 | 0.0030 | 0.0009 |
Macrosomia | 48.82 | 45.97 | 46.58 | 54.38 | 57.74 | 48.67 | 0.0014 | 0.0011 |
Placenta praevia | 93.22 | 82.19 | 82.50 | 87.95 | 86.68 | 87.47 | 0.3814 | 0.4586 |
Abruptio placentae | 87.65 | 85.86 | 82.28 | 84.28 | 86.68 | 86.85 | 0.5091 | 0.8071 |
Disproportion | 80.59 | 79.42 | 80.00 | 83.23 | 82.10 | 81.98 | 0.2338 | 0.0476 |
Anomalies of maternal pelvis | 64.46 | 67.41 | 69.80 | 77.69 | 78.74 | 78.79 | 0.0023 | <.0001 |
Intrapartal bleeding (excluding placenta praevia) | 52.73 | 64.15 | 50.67 | 51.55 | 50.11 | 57.18 | 0.1732 | 0.5729 |
Failed induction | 63.80 | 70.30 | 71.07 | 82.11 | 86.05 | 86.88 | 0.0029 | <.0001 |
Preexisting hypertonic disorders | 49.21 | 41.56 | 49.30 | 63.25 | 52.06 | 54.40 | 0.0932 | 0.0115 |
Non-severe hypertonic disorders during pregnancy | 38.85 | 36.15 | 36.57 | 48.93 | 47.59 | 48.01 | 0.3590 | <.0001 |
Preeclampsia | 57.39 | 50.85 | 57.12 | 61.49 | 63.40 | 65.15 | 0.0278 | <.0001 |
Eclampsia | 67.86 | 57.14 | 57.14 | 68.75 | 77.14 | 69.15 | 0.8089 | 0.1219 |
Complications because of umbilical cord | 16.06 | 15.25 | 17.48 | 18.79 | 18.78 | 20.04 | 0.0254 | <.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 50.00 | 55.07 | 58.49 | 60.21 | 56.70 | 59.79 | 0.7618 | 0.2409 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 32.60 | 33.83 | 34.09 | 41.21 | 40.99 | 42.09 | 0.4453 | <.0001 |
Uterine rupture | 93.10 | 88.89 | 94.12 | 89.10 | 88.73 | 91.94 | 0.3597 | 0.5007 |
Premature rupture of foetal membranes (PROM) | 21.98 | 19.04 | 19.66 | 24.97 | 25.03 | 25.21 | 0.6226 | <.0001 |
Abnorm contractions | 18.19 | 13.91 | 18.27 | 19.00 | 17.37 | 17.10 | 0.0618 | 0.1223 |
Previous caesarean section | 68.94 | 71.18 | 76.32 | 80.64 | 81.15 | 82.45 | 0.0003 | <.0001 |
At least one strongc indication for caesarean section | 77.96 | 75.51 | 76.71 | 80.32 | 80.31 | 79.86 | 0.2480 | <.0001 |
At least one of the moderated indications for caesarean section | 20.78 | 19.62 | 20.77 | 28.40 | 28.63 | 29.28 | 0.0080 | <.0001 |
Patients with no indication of diagnoses which could justify caesarean section | 4.04 | 4.26 | 4.82 | 8.17 | 7.91 | 8.19 | 0.5343 | <.0001 |