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Table 4 Probability of caesarean section given selected pregnancy and intrapartum conditions

From: Regional variation in caesarean deliveries in Germany and its causes

 

Former East Germany

Former West Germany

By year

By region

 

2004a

2005

2006f

2004a

2005

2006f

  

Diagnosesb

%

%

%

%

%

%

p-valuee

p-valuee

Twins and higher order pregnancies

71.85

71.38

68.28

75.30

74.42

74.34

0.3512

0.0118

Anomalies of the fetal presentation

76.72

74.41

75.83

79.15

79.56

78.83

0.4934

<.0001

Intrauterine growth restriction

47.96

44.55

42.88

52.91

51.58

50.67

0.0259

<.0001

Post date pregnancy

18.58

17.88

19.96

24.73

24.96

25.80

0.0303

<.0001

Preterm delivery

50.49

46.55

46.63

54.25

54.34

55.44

0.7540

<.0001

Maternal distress

46.67

39.33

45.22

57.63

60.29

55.81

0.6702

<.0001

Obstructed labour

54.01

52.51

49.40

53.54

54.39

54.73

0.8577

0.3510

Asphyxia

31.08

29.07

29.75

36.92

36.54

37.24

0.9664

<.0001

Prolonged birth

44.84

45.66

50.08

48.84

49.63

50.60

0.0030

0.0009

Macrosomia

48.82

45.97

46.58

54.38

57.74

48.67

0.0014

0.0011

Placenta praevia

93.22

82.19

82.50

87.95

86.68

87.47

0.3814

0.4586

Abruptio placentae

87.65

85.86

82.28

84.28

86.68

86.85

0.5091

0.8071

Disproportion

80.59

79.42

80.00

83.23

82.10

81.98

0.2338

0.0476

Anomalies of maternal pelvis

64.46

67.41

69.80

77.69

78.74

78.79

0.0023

<.0001

Intrapartal bleeding (excluding placenta praevia)

52.73

64.15

50.67

51.55

50.11

57.18

0.1732

0.5729

Failed induction

63.80

70.30

71.07

82.11

86.05

86.88

0.0029

<.0001

Preexisting hypertonic disorders

49.21

41.56

49.30

63.25

52.06

54.40

0.0932

0.0115

Non-severe hypertonic disorders during pregnancy

38.85

36.15

36.57

48.93

47.59

48.01

0.3590

<.0001

Preeclampsia

57.39

50.85

57.12

61.49

63.40

65.15

0.0278

<.0001

Eclampsia

67.86

57.14

57.14

68.75

77.14

69.15

0.8089

0.1219

Complications because of umbilical cord

16.06

15.25

17.48

18.79

18.78

20.04

0.0254

<.0001

Diabetes mellitus

50.00

55.07

58.49

60.21

56.70

59.79

0.7618

0.2409

Gestational diabetes mellitus

32.60

33.83

34.09

41.21

40.99

42.09

0.4453

<.0001

Uterine rupture

93.10

88.89

94.12

89.10

88.73

91.94

0.3597

0.5007

Premature rupture of foetal membranes (PROM)

21.98

19.04

19.66

24.97

25.03

25.21

0.6226

<.0001

Abnorm contractions

18.19

13.91

18.27

19.00

17.37

17.10

0.0618

0.1223

Previous caesarean section

68.94

71.18

76.32

80.64

81.15

82.45

0.0003

<.0001

At least one strongc indication for caesarean section

77.96

75.51

76.71

80.32

80.31

79.86

0.2480

<.0001

At least one of the moderated indications for caesarean section

20.78

19.62

20.77

28.40

28.63

29.28

0.0080

<.0001

Patients with no indication of diagnoses which could justify caesarean section

4.04

4.26

4.82

8.17

7.91

8.19

0.5343

<.0001

  1. a Restricted to data from February till December.
  2. b The same patient could have several of the listed diagnoses.
  3. c As strong indications were classified: Placenta praevia, Abruptio placaente, uterine rupture, anomalies of foetal presentation and disproportion [11].
  4. d All indications listed in the table and not classified as strong were classified as moderate.
  5. e p-values obtained from logistic regression mutually adjusting for time trends and regional differences.
  6. f Restricted to births from January till November.