From: Neighbourhood deprivation and very preterm birth in an English and French cohort
 | Trent | Ile-de- France | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Unemployment rate quartiles | Unemployment rate quartiles | |||||||||||
 | Cases | 1st(least) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th(most) | pa | pb | Cases | 1st(least) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th(most) | pa | pb |
Characteristics of very preterm pregnancy and delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal age [mean (SD)], years | 533 | 30.6 | 28.8 | 27.4 | 25.2 | (<.001) | Â | 584 | 31.7 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 29.6 | (0.07) | Â |
 | (5.2) | (6.5) | (9.0) | (5.9) |  |  | (5.6) | (5.5) | (6.1) | (6.4) |  |  | ||
Gestational age at delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | (0.4) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | (0.2) | Â |
less ≤27 weeks | 175 | 36.9 | 28.2 | 34.3 | 32.4 |  |  | 205 | 39.8 | 23.8 | 36.2 | 39.1 |  |  |
28-29 weeks | 139 | 31.0 | 29.1 | 20.7 | 26.1 | Â | Â | 160 | 26.5 | 32.0 | 26.6 | 25.7 | Â | Â |
30-31 weeks | 220 | 32.1 | 42.7 | 45.0 | 41.6 | Â | Â | 219 | 33.7 | 44.3 | 37.3 | 35.2 | Â | Â |
Small for gestational agec | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | (0.3) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | (0.6) | Â |
<10 percentile | 44 | 14.1 | 11.0 | 5.9 | 7.3 | Â | Â | 68 | 7.7 | 12.7 | 16.6 | 10.8 | Â | Â |
10-24th | 75 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 17.8 | 16.1 | Â | Â | 109 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 18.4 | 21.1 | Â | Â |
≥25th | 387 | 75.6 | 77.0 | 76.3 | 76.7 |  |  | 367 | 71.8 | 67.0 | 65.0 | 68.1 |  |  |
Hypertension during pregnancyd | 109 | 31.0 | 22.3 | 17.9 | 16.9 | (0.04) | (0.1) | 128 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 19.2 | 26.7 | (0.2) | (0.2) |
Antepartum haemorrhage without hypertension | 218 | 39.3 | 42.7 | 37.1 | 43.0 | (0.7) | (0.7) | 95 | 19.3 | 16.4 | 14.7 | 16.3 | (0.8) | (0.8) |
Premature rupture of membranes without hypertension or antepartum haemorrhage | 66 | 15.5 | 11.7 | 17.9 | 7.7 | (0.03) | (0.02) | 118 | 25.3 | 16.4 | 26.0 | 15.4 | (0.03) | (0.03) |
Preterm labour without hypertension, haemorrhage or PPROM | 56 | 4.8 | 8.7 | 10.0 | 14.0 | (0.1) | (0.2) | 95 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 13.0 | 19.3 | (0.4) | (0.5) |
Caesarean section before labour | 215 | 40.5 | 39.8 | 40.0 | 40.6 | (1.0) | (1.0) | 247 | 39.8 | 47.5 | 42.9 | 39.6 | (0.9) | (0.6) |
Very preterm infant outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
In-hospital mortalitye | 125 | 19.1 | 17.5 | 22.1 | 20.8 | (0.8) | (0.5) | 167 | 33.7 | 22.0 | 22.6 | 26.2 | (0.2) | (0.1) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaf,g | 86 | 20.6 | 23.5 | 17.4 | 20.1 | (0.8) | (0.5) | 67 | 12.7 | 16.1 | 19.3 | 12.8 | (0.5) | (0.5) |
Brain lesionsf,h | 26 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 7.3 | 4.3 | (0.4) | Â | 19 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 6.1 | (0.8) | Â |
At least one day on ventilatorf | 237 | 64.0 | 65.6 | 63.2 | 57.7 | (0.3) | (0.4) | 304 | 77.9 | 71.7 | 75.0 | 70.4 | (0.7) | (0.7) |
Long hospital stayf,i | 108 | 23.5 | 32.9 | 22.0 | 24.4 | (0.5) | (0.4) | 108 | 20.0 | 25.5 | 26.3 | 24.8 | (<.001) | (0.8) |
Breast milk at dischargef | 149 | 62.7 | 33.7 | 30.6 | 28.4 | (<.001) | (<.001) | 122 | 40.0 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 19.7 | (0.02) | (0.04) |