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Table 4 Pregnancy and delivery characteristics and infant outcomes by neighbourhood unemployment rate quartiles (percentages)

From: Neighbourhood deprivation and very preterm birth in an English and French cohort

 

Trent

Ile-de- France

  

Unemployment rate quartiles

Unemployment rate quartiles

 

Cases

1st(least)

2nd

3rd

4th(most)

pa

pb

Cases

1st(least)

2nd

3rd

4th(most)

pa

pb

Characteristics of very preterm pregnancy and delivery

              

Maternal age [mean (SD)], years

533

30.6

28.8

27.4

25.2

(<.001)

 

584

31.7

30.2

30.4

29.6

(0.07)

 
 

(5.2)

(6.5)

(9.0)

(5.9)

  

(5.6)

(5.5)

(6.1)

(6.4)

  

Gestational age at delivery

     

(0.4)

      

(0.2)

 

less ≤27 weeks

175

36.9

28.2

34.3

32.4

  

205

39.8

23.8

36.2

39.1

  

28-29 weeks

139

31.0

29.1

20.7

26.1

  

160

26.5

32.0

26.6

25.7

  

30-31 weeks

220

32.1

42.7

45.0

41.6

  

219

33.7

44.3

37.3

35.2

  

Small for gestational agec

     

(0.3)

      

(0.6)

 

<10 percentile

44

14.1

11.0

5.9

7.3

  

68

7.7

12.7

16.6

10.8

  

10-24th

75

10.3

12.0

17.8

16.1

  

109

20.5

20.3

18.4

21.1

  

≥25th

387

75.6

77.0

76.3

76.7

  

367

71.8

67.0

65.0

68.1

  

Hypertension during pregnancyd

109

31.0

22.3

17.9

16.9

(0.04)

(0.1)

128

19.3

19.7

19.2

26.7

(0.2)

(0.2)

Antepartum haemorrhage without hypertension

218

39.3

42.7

37.1

43.0

(0.7)

(0.7)

95

19.3

16.4

14.7

16.3

(0.8)

(0.8)

Premature rupture of membranes without hypertension or antepartum haemorrhage

66

15.5

11.7

17.9

7.7

(0.03)

(0.02)

118

25.3

16.4

26.0

15.4

(0.03)

(0.03)

Preterm labour without hypertension, haemorrhage or PPROM

56

4.8

8.7

10.0

14.0

(0.1)

(0.2)

95

15.7

16.4

13.0

19.3

(0.4)

(0.5)

Caesarean section before labour

215

40.5

39.8

40.0

40.6

(1.0)

(1.0)

247

39.8

47.5

42.9

39.6

(0.9)

(0.6)

Very preterm infant outcomes

              

In-hospital mortalitye

125

19.1

17.5

22.1

20.8

(0.8)

(0.5)

167

33.7

22.0

22.6

26.2

(0.2)

(0.1)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaf,g

86

20.6

23.5

17.4

20.1

(0.8)

(0.5)

67

12.7

16.1

19.3

12.8

(0.5)

(0.5)

Brain lesionsf,h

26

4.4

9.4

7.3

4.3

(0.4)

 

19

3.6

2.1

4.4

6.1

(0.8)

 

At least one day on ventilatorf

237

64.0

65.6

63.2

57.7

(0.3)

(0.4)

304

77.9

71.7

75.0

70.4

(0.7)

(0.7)

Long hospital stayf,i

108

23.5

32.9

22.0

24.4

(0.5)

(0.4)

108

20.0

25.5

26.3

24.8

(<.001)

(0.8)

Breast milk at dischargef

149

62.7

33.7

30.6

28.4

(<.001)

(<.001)

122

40.0

30.9

30.9

19.7

(0.02)

(0.04)

  1. a) p value for bivariable analysis; b) adjusted for maternal age for pregnancy complications and caesarean section; p value adjusted for gestational age, small for gestational age and sex for infant outcomes. Small number of infants with brain lesions did not allowed calculation of aOR; c) <10th percentile of birthweight standards from the MOSAIC cohort; d) Hypertension during pregnancy: pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome; e) In-hospital mortality includes death during labour, delivery or hospitalization after birth; f) Includes only infants discharge alive; g) Oxygen dependence or ventilation, including nasal continuous positive airway pressure, at 36 weeks of gestational age; h) Brain lesions includes intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia; i) Long hospital stay: longer hospital stay than 75th percentile for gestational age.