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Table 1 Sample characteristics

From: Adverse maternal outcomes associated with fetal macrosomia: what are the risk factors beyond birthweight?

 

n (%)

Maternal age (years)

 

 Mean +/− SD [range]

30.8 +/− 4.8 [17–46]

 < 30 y

696 (44.5)

 ≥ 30y

868 (54.5)

Maternal race

 

 Europe

1111 (73)

 Northern Africa

253 (17)

 Central Africa

97 (6)

 Asia and India

26 (2)

 America (Northern and Southern)

30 (2)

Diabetes

 

 No diabetes

1438 (93)

 Diet controlled gestational diabetes

97 (6)

 Gestational diabetes requiring insulin

11 (0.7)

 Pre-gestational diabetes

5 (0.3)

Route of delivery

 

Spontaneous vaginal

1038 (66)

Instrumental delivery

264 (17)

 Forceps delivery

59

 Vacuum extraction

205

Cesarean during labor

262 (17)

Maternal complications

 

3rd or 4th degree perineal tears §

15 (1)

Severe postpartum hemorrhage

78 (5)

 Sulprostone

68

 Uterine artery embolization

4

 Internal iliac artery ligation

5

 Haemostatic hysterectomy

1

 Transfusion

12 (1)

Total*

95 (6)

Neonatal complications

 

Shoulder dystocia

80 (5)

Birth injury

19 (1)

 Fracture**

14

 Brachial plexus injury

5

Neonatal death

1

  1. § Among vaginal deliveries.
  2. *At least one of the maternal complications (3rd or 4th degree perineal tears or severe postpartum hemorrhage or transfusion).
  3. **Clavicle: 11; Humerus: 3.