Table 5 Mean partner engagement score (95% confidence interval) by a) socio-demographic factors and parity, and other factors during b) antenatal, c) intrapartum and d) postnatal periods
From: Fathers’ engagement in pregnancy and childbirth: evidence from a national survey
Primiparous women | Multiparous women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI) | Adjusted*p | Mean (95% CI) | Adjusted*p | |
a) Sociodemographic factors | ||||
Mother’s ethnicity | ||||
White | 7.13 (7.03, 7.24) | 4.93 (4.83, 5.02) | ||
BME | 6.83 (6.50, 7.16) | 0.93 | 4.83 (4.51, 5.14) | 0.74 |
Index of multiple deprivation (quintile) | ||||
1 | 7.30 (7.09, 7.52) | 4.92 (4.74, 5.10) | ||
2 | 7.12 (6.90, 7.33) | 4.96 (4.76, 5.16) | ||
3 | 7.18 (6.97, 7.39) | 4.99 (4.77, 5.20) | ||
4 | 7.03 (6.80, 7.26) | 4.88 (4.64, 5.12) | ||
5 | 6.82 (6.57, 7.08) | 0.16 | 4.78 (4.54, 5.02) | 0.42 |
Mother left full time education aged | ||||
<16 yrs | 6.77 (6.52, 7.03) | 4.93 (4.79, 5.13) | ||
>/= 16 yrs | 7.17 (7.06, 7.28) | 0.01 | 4.91 (4.80, 5.01) | 0.92 |
Age group (mother’s) | ||||
<25 yrs | 6.72 (6.48, 6.96) | 5.33 (4.92, 5.73) | ||
25-34 yrs | 7.21 (7.09, 7.33) | 4.94 (4.81, 5.06) | ||
35+ yrs | 7.09 (6.86, 7.33) | 0.00 | 4.79 (4.64, 4.94) | 0.01 |
Father’s country of birth | ||||
UK | 7.24 (7.13, 7.35) | 4.94 (4.83, 5.04) | ||
Europe | 6.01 (5.60, 6.42) | 5.02 (4.52, 5.53) | ||
Rest of the world | 6.78 (6.45, 7.11) | 0.00 | 4.75 (4.45, 5.05) | 0.48 |
Pregnancy planning | ||||
Planned and happy pregnancy | 7.24 (7.13, 7.35) | 4.97 (4.87, 5.08) | ||
Unplanned but happy | 6.77 (6.44, 7.11) | 4.68 (4.34, 5.02) | ||
Unplanned and unhappy | 6.19 (5.86, 6.53) | 0.00 | 4.60 (4.30, 4.89) | 0.02 |
b) Antenatal care factors | ||||
Booking appointment | ||||
Before 10 weeks | 7.23 (7.11, 7.35) | 5.06 (4.93, 5.19) | ||
Booking at/after 10 weeks | 6.89 (6.70, 7.08) | 0.33 | 4.69 (4.54, 4.84) | 0.00 |
Gestation when healthcare professional 1 st seen | ||||
<12 weeks | 7.17 (7.07, 7.28) | 4.95 (4.85, 5.05) | ||
12+ weeks | 6.22 (5.79, 6.65) | 0.01 | 4.58 (4.27, 4.89) | 0.01 |
Number of antenatal checks | ||||
0-5 | 6.60 (6.31, 6.89) | 4.57 (4.36, 4.78) | ||
6-8 | 7.14 (6.97, 7.31) | 4.76 (4.60, 4.92) | ||
9-10 | 7.07 (6.86, 7.27) | 5.10 (4.88, 5.32) | ||
11 or more | 7.29 (7.12, 7.45) | 0.05 | 5.22 (5.04, 5.41) | 0.00 |
Dating scan done | 7.13 (7.03, 7.23) | 4.95 (4.84, 5.05) | ||
No dating scan | 6.73 (6.37, 7.09) | 0.05 | 4.62 (4.32, 4.92) | 0.02 |
Antenatal classes | ||||
Offered | 7.20 (7.10, 7.30) | 5.03 (4.89, 5.16) | ||
Not offered | 6.27 (5.96, 6.58) | 0.01 | 4.79 (4.66, 4.92) | 0.02 |
Attended | 7.48 (7.36, 7.60) | 5.72 (5.39, 6.06) | ||
Not attended | 6.53 (6.36, 6.70) | 0.00 | 4.85 (4.72, 4.96) | 0.00 |
Number of antenatal health problems | ||||
0,1 | 7.02 (6.86, 7.18) | 4.75 (4.59, 4.91) | ||
2,3 | 7.21 (7.05, 7.36) | 4.84 (4.69, 4.98) | ||
4+ | 7.01 (6.79, 7.22 | 0.18 | 5.14 (4.96, 5.32) | 0.01 |
Worries about labour | ||||
low | 7.21 (6.93, 7.48) | 4.70 (4.54, 4.87) | ||
low-medium | 7.08 (6.86, 7.30) | 5.00 (4.83, 5.18) | ||
medium-high | 7.24 (7.07, 7.41) | 4.90 (4.70, 5.09) | ||
high | 6.92 (6.74, 7.09) | 0.16 | 5.07 (4.84, 5.30) | 0.02 |
Overall satisfaction with antenatal care | ||||
Satisfied or very satisfied | 7.14 (7.04, 7.24) | 4.96 (4.86, 5.06) | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 6.82 (6.41, 7.25) | 4.50 (4.18, 4.82) | ||
Dissatisfied or very dissatisfied | 6.70 (6.25, 7.13) | 0.16 | 4.66 (4.22, 5.11) | 0.01 |
c) Intrapartum factors | ||||
Type of delivery | ||||
Spontaneous vaginal birth | 7.03 (6.90, 7.17) | 4.87 (4.76, 4.98) | ||
Forceps | 7.25 (6.98, 7.52) | 5.70 (4.98, 6.43) | ||
Ventouse | 7.18 (6.87, 7.49) | 5.46 (4.82, 6.09) | ||
Caesarean section | 7.14 (6.94, 7.33) | 0.03 | 4.92 (4.72, 5.11) | 0.04 |
Number of positive adjectives describing staff in labour and birth | ||||
0-3 | 6.58 (6.38, 6.77) | 4.64 (4.45, 4.82) | ||
4-5 | 7.06 (6.89, 7.23) | 4.80 (4.64, 4.96) | ||
6+ | 7.48 (7.34, 7.63) | 0.00 | 5.18 (5.03, 5.33) | 0.00 |
After birth, had skin-to-skin contact with baby | ||||
Yes | 7.19 (7.08, 7.30) | 4.92 (4.82, 5.02) | ||
No, not offered | 6.85 (6.53, 7.16) | 5.02 (4.63, 5.42) | ||
No, not well enough | 6.76 (6.37, 7.15) | 4.92 (4.44, 5.39) | ||
No, not wanted | 5.87 (4.77, 6.97) | 0.02 | 4.63 (3.98, 5.27) | 0.72 |
Staff communication in labour | ||||
Very/fairly well | 7.14 (7.03, 7.24) | 4.93 (4.83, 5.03) | ||
Not very/at all well | 6.60 (6.23, 6.98) | 0.30 | 4.63 (4.28, 4.98) | 0.05 |
Overall satisfaction with intrapartum care | ||||
Satisfied or very satisfied | 7.16 (7.05, 7.26) | 4.94 (4.84, 5.04) | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 6.85 (6.40, 7.30) | 4.53 (4.10, 4.96) | ||
Dissatisfied or very dissatisfied | 6.54 (6.15, 6.94) | 0.03 | 4.88 (4.50, 5.26) | 0.08 |