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Table 4 Sociodemographic factors associated with father involvement in pregnancy and labour: binary logistic regression

From: Fathers’ engagement in pregnancy and childbirth: evidence from a national survey

Factors associated with father having a negative reaction to pregnancy

Parity

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Primiparous

reference group

Multiparous

1.23 (1.03, 1.46)*

Index of multiple deprivation (Quintile, 1- least deprived)

1

reference group*

2

0.79 (0.60, 1.05)

3

1.25 (0.97, 1.60)

4

1.27 (0.97, 1.66)

5

1.14 (0.86, 1.50)

Woman’s age

 

<25 years

reference group

25-34 years

0.49 (0.39, 0.61)*

35+ years

0.48 (0.37, 0.63)*

Factors associated with father being present for 1 or more antenatal checks

Parity

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Primiparous

reference group

Multiparous

0.35 (0.31, 0.41)*

Index of multiple deprivation (Quintile, 1- least deprived)

1

reference group

2

1.04 (0.86, 1.26)

3

1.28 (1.05, 1.56)*

4

1.08 (0.88, 1.33)

5

1.27 (1.03, 1.58)*

Woman’s age

 

<25 years

reference group

25-34 years

0.79 (0.63, 0.98)*

35+ years

0.62 (0.49, 0.79)*

Factors associated with father being present for labour

Parity

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Primiparous

reference group

Multiparous

0.40 (0.30, 0.53)*

Ethnicity

 

White

reference group

Black and Minority Ethnic

0.38 (0.28, 0.50)*

Index of multiple deprivation (Quintile, 1- least deprived)

 

1

reference group*

2

0.87 (0.57, 1.34)

3

0.79 (0.52, 1.20)

4

0.64 (0.42, 0.97)*

5

0.52 (0.34, 0.78)*

Woman’s age

 

<25 years

reference group*

25-34 years

1.05 (0.68, 1.63)

35+ years

0.66 (0.41, 1.04)

Factors associated with father not being at all involved in obtaining information and decision-making

Parity

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Primiparous

reference group

Multiparous

3.11 (2.54, 3.80)*

Index of multiple deprivation (Quintile, 1- least deprived)

 

1

reference group

2

1.17 (0.87, 1.56)

3

1.44 (1.09, 1.91)*

4

1.36 (1.01, 1.83)*

5

1.44 (1.07, 1.95)*

Woman’s age

 

<25 years

reference group

25-34 years

0.76 (0.57, 1.01)

35+ years

0.69 (0.50, 0.94)*

Factors associated with father being involved in infant care

Parity

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Primiparous

reference group

Multiparous

0.79 (0.68, 0.92)*

Index of multiple deprivation (Quintile, 1- least deprived)

 

1

reference group

2

1.11 (0.87, 1.41)

3

1.14 (0.90, 1.45)

4

1.35 (1.06, 1.73)*

5

1.56 (1.22, 2.00)*

  1. * p < 0.05 Adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, parity and Index of Multiple Deprivation.