Preterm birth and small for gestational age in relation to alcohol consumption during pregnancy: stronger associations among vulnerable women? results from two large Western-European studies

Table 6 KiGGS study: sample characteristics (N = 16301) according to the level of alcohol intake during pregnancy

	Total N = 16301	Abstainer N = 14089 (86.4%)	Non-abstainer N = 2212 (13.6%)	P for trend
Maternal education (%)
Low	23.5	24.7	15.8	<0.001
Middle	47.4	48.0	43.9
High	29.1	27.3	40.0
Smoking during pregnancy (% yes)	17.0	16.6	19.5	0.001
Maternal height (cm)	166.5 (6.3)	166.4 (6.3)	167.4 (6.2)	<0.001
Maternal BMI	24.5 (4.7)	24.6 (4.7)	24.2 (4.6)	<0.001
Maternal age (years)	28.2 (5.1)	28.0 (5.1)	29.4 (5.0)	<0.001
Parity (% >0)	67.9	67.6	69.9	0.044
Ethnicity (%)
German	84.6	83.5	91.5	<0.001
Non-German	15.4	16.5	8.5	<0.001

Data were missing for maternal education (N = 448), smoking during pregnancy (N = 89), maternal height (N = 188), maternal BMI (N = 299), maternal age (N = 154), parity (N = 3457), ethnicity (N = 113).
Values are percentages for categorical factors, or means (with standard deviations) for continuous factors.

ISSN: 1471-2393