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Table 4 Factors associated with post-partum hemorrhage: Results from logistic regression analyses

From: How effective are the components of active management of the third stage of labor?

 

Blood loss ≥ 700 mL

 

No oxytocin prophylaxis (N = 8154)

Oxytocin prophylaxis (N = 30569)

 

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Receipt of AMTSL components*

    

 None

ref

-

-

-

 UM only

1.14 (0.87-1.50)

0.349

-

-

 CCT only

0.53 (0.42-0.66)

0.000

-

-

 CCT + UM

1.66 (1.31-2.10)

0.000

-

-

 Oxytocin (IM) only

-

-

ref

-

 Oxytocin (IM) + CCT

-

-

0.33 (0.25-0.45)

0.000

 Oxytocin (IM) + CCT + UM

-

-

0.65 (0.48-0.88)

0.006

 Oxytocin (IV) only

-

-

0.24 (0.12-0.50)

0.000

 Oxytocin (IV) + CCT

-

-

0.28 (0.14-0.55)

0.000

 Oxytocin (IV) + CCT + UM

-

-

0.79 (0.62-0.99)

0.044

Labor induced/augmented

-

-

0.91 (0.76-1.09)

0.284

Parity

    

 0

1.24 (1.04-1.48)

0.016

2.36 (2.01-2.76)

0.000

 1-3

ref

-

ref

-

 4+

0.61 (0.32-1.16)

0.130

0.51 (0.29-0.88)

0.017

Multiple pregnancy

1.33 (0.68-2.62)

0.401

1.62 (0.97-2.70)

0.065

Gestational age at delivery weeks

    

 <37

0.40 (0.22-0.73)

0.002

0.32 (0.20-0.51)

0.000

 37-41

ref

-

ref

-

 42+

0.82 (0.46-1.45)

0.495

1.48 (0.93-2.36)

0.102

Anemia**

1.19 (1.00-1.42)

0.049

1.28 (1.11-1.49)

0.001

Prior known post-partum hemorrhage

2.18 (0.74-6.48)

0.159

5.17 (3.21-8.31)

0.000

Age (years)

    

 <20

1.24 (0.89-1.73)

0.195

0.78 (0.61-0.99)

0.041

 20-34

ref

-

ref

-

 35+

0.94 (0.66-1.32)

0.715

1.46 (1.07-1.99)

0.017

Educational attainment

    

 No education

ref

-

ref

-

 Primary school

0.87 (0.67-1.13)

0.288

1.14 (0.91-1.43)

0.250

 Secondary or higher

1.03 (0.81-1.32)

0.786

1.20 (1.00-1.44)

0.045

  1. AMTSL denotes active management of the third stage of labor; CCT, controlled cord traction; and UM, uterine massage, IM, intramuscular; and IV, intravenous.
  2. *Additional tests for differences between AMTSL groups in the oxytocin prophylaxis regimen were obtained by re-running the regression model with alternate reference categories. Results were as follows:
  3. a. Oxy (IV) + CCT vs. oxy (IV) (ref): OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.43-2.96.
  4. b. Oxy (IM) + CCT + UM vs. oxy (IM) + CCT (ref): OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.43-2.65.
  5. c. Oxy (IV) + CCT + UM vs. oxy (IV) + CCT (ref): OR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.46-5.59.
  6. d. Oxy (IV) + CCT vs. oxy (IM) + CCT (ref): OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.60-2.46.
  7. e. Oxy (IM) + CCT + UM vs. oxy (IV) + CCT + UM (ref): OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.64-1.07.
  8. **Anemia was defined as pre-delivery hemoglobin of < 11.0 g/dL.