Table 1 Associations between socio-demographic characteristics of women and their postpartum EPDS
From: Prenatal micronutrient supplementation and postpartum depressive symptoms in a pregnancy cohort
Characteristic | EPDS<10* | EPDS≥10* | p-value** | Odds ratio*** (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (mean (95% CI)) | 31.2 (30.8 - 31.6) | 31.6 (30.3 - 32.8) | 0.51 | 1.0 (0.9 - 1.1) |
BMI (mean (95% CI)) | 24.1 (23.6 - 24.5) | 24.2 (22.9 - 25.4) | 0.90 | 1.0 (0.9 - 1.0) |
Marital status (n (%)) | ||||
Married/common-law | 406 (88.0) | 55 (11.9) | 0.17 | 1.0 |
Single/divorced | 9 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | 2.4 (0.6 - 9.3) | |
Education (n (%)) | ||||
High school | 36 (87.8) | 5 (12.2) | 0.96 | 1.0 |
Trade/undergrad | 286 (87.7) | 40 (12.2) | 0.6 (0.1 - 7.0) | |
Graduate | 93 (87.7) | 13 (12.2) | 0.6 (0.1 - 5.9) | |
Household Income (n (%)) | ||||
< $20K | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.13 | 1.0 |
$20-$39K | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1.2 (0.1 - 15.1) | |
$40-$69K | 47 (78.3) | 13 (21.7) | 1.4 (0.1 - 12.9) | |
$70-$99K | 107 (87.7) | 15 (12.3) | 0.7 (0.1 - 6.4) | |
≥$100K | 236 (90.1) | 26 (9.9) | 0.5 (0.1 - 4.9) | |
Born in Canada (n (%)) | ||||
Yes | 349 (89.9) | 39 (10.0) | 0.01 | 1.0 |
No | 63 (79.7) | 16 (20.2) | 2.3 (1.2 - 4.3) | |
Ethnicity (n (%)) | ||||
Caucasian | 363 (88.3) | 48 (11.6) | 0.30 | 1.0 |
Non-causasian | 51 (83.6) | 10 (16.4) | 1.5 (0.7 - 3.1) | |
# of children (n (%)) | ||||
0 | 57 (87.7) | 8 (13.3) | 0.28 | 1.0 |
1-2 | 172 (88.2) | 23 (11.8) | 1.0 (0.5 - 1.9) | |
3-4 | 4 (66.7) | 2 (34.3) | 7.3 (1.0 - 53.7) | |
Social/lifestyle | ||||
# of chronic conditions (n (%)) | ||||
0 | 206 (85.1) | 36 (14.9) | 0.05 | 1.0 |
1 | 91 (91.9) | 8 (8.1) | 0.5 (0.2 - 1.1) | |
2 | 15 (78.9) | 4 (21.0) | 1.5 (0.5 - 4.8) | |
3 | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | 3.4 (0.8 – 15.0) | |
# of life event stresses (n (%)) | ||||
During this pregnancy | ||||
0 | 207 (89.6) | 24 (10.4) | 0.02 | 1.0 |
1-2 | 184 (88.0) | 25 (11.9) | 1.2 (0.6 - 2.1) | |
>3 | 24 (72.7) | 9 (27.2) | 3.2 (1.3 - 7.7) | |
12 mos before pregnancy | ||||
0 | 196 (89.9) | 22 (10.1) | 0.08 | 1.0 |
1-2 | 149 (88.2) | 20 (11.8) | 1.2 (0.6 - 2.3) | |
>3 | 13 (72.2) | 5 (27.8) | 3.4 (1.1 - 10.5) | |
Before age 17 | ||||
0 | 126 (89.3) | 15 (10.6) | 0.06 | 1.0 |
1-2 | 224 (89.2) | 27 (10.7) | 1.2 (0.6 - 2.6) | |
>3 | 11 (68.7) | 5 (31.2) | 3.8 (1.1 - 12.5) | |
Social support (mean (95% CI)) | ||||
Prenatal | 14.8 (14.7 - 15.0) | 13.8 (13.1 - 14.5) | 0.0043 | 0.8 (0.7 - 0.9) |
Postpartum | 14.7 (14.5 - 14.9) | 13.0 (12.2 - 13.8) | 0.0001 | 0.8 (0.7 - 0.9) |
EPDS score by time points | ||||
(mean (95% CI) | ||||
Time A (1st trimester) | 4.8 (4.1 - 5.6) | 8.0 (6.5 - 9.5) | 0.0006 | 1.31 (1.11-1.55) |
Time B (2nd trimester) | 5.0 (4.7 - 5.4) | 8.4 (7.2 - 9.5) | <0.0001 | 1.21 (1.13-1.30) |
Time C (3rd trimester) | 4.5 (4.2 - 4.8) | 9.0 (7.9 - 10.1) | <0.0001 | 1.33 (1.23-1.44) |
Time E (12 weeks postpartum) | 3.6 (3.4 - 3.8) | 12.1 (11.4 - 12.9) | <0.0001 | n/a |