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Table 4 Associations 1 between vitamin D intake in mid-pregnancy and self-reported child allergic rhinitis in the Danish National Birth Cohort

From: Vitamin D intake in mid-pregnancy and child allergic disease – a prospective study in 44,825 Danish mother-child pairs

Quintile of intake

 

Cases/N

Allergic rhinitis by total vitamin DN = 28,545/24,9022/24,2613

P for trend4

Cases/N

Allergic rhinitis by vitamin D from supplementsN = 28,544/24,9012/24,2613

P for trend4

Cases/N

Allergic rhinitis by vitamin D from dietN = 28,545/24,9022/24,2613

P for trend4

   

RR (95% CI)

  

RR (95% CI)

  

R (95% CI)

 

Continuous

Crude

1,420/28,545 (5%)

1.00 (1.00, 1.02)

0.33

1,420/28,544 (5%)

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.51

1,420/28,545 (5%)

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

0.31

Adjusted2

 

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.53

 

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.38

 

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

0.62

Adjusted3

 

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.97

 

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.81

 

1.01 (0.97, 1.04)

0.65

1

Crude

263/5,700 (5%)

1.00 (ref.)

0.10

190/4,344 (4%)

1.00 (ref.)

0.28

296/5,646 (5%)

1.00 (ref.)

0.63

Adjusted2

  

0.84

  

0.56

  

0.87

Adjusted3

  

0.62

  

0.94

  

0.67

2

Crude

292/5,903 (5%)

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

 

457/8,801 (5%)

1.19 (1.01, 1.40)

 

263/5,673 (5%)

0.88 (0.75, 1.04)

 

Adjusted2

 

1.05 (0.89, 1.25)

  

1.12 (0.94, 1.33)

  

0.91 (0.76, 1.07)

 

Adjusted3

 

1.10 (0.90, 1.34)

  

1.23 (0.95, 1.60)

  

0.91 (0.76, 1.08)

 

3

Crude

284/5,683 (5%)

1.08 (0.92, 1.28)

 

65/1,580 (4%)

0.94 (0.71, 1.24)

 

265/5,742 (5%)

0.88 (0.75, 1.03)

 

Adjusted2

 

1.01 (0.85, 1.19)

  

0.96 (0.72, 1.27)

  

0.90 (0.76, 1.07)

 

Adjusted3

 

1.14 (0.92, 1.41)

  

1.07 (0.78, 1.47)

  

0.88 (0.73, 1.08)

 

4

Crude

284/5,674 (5%)

1.08 (0.92, 1.28)

 

614/11,773 (5%)

1.19 (1.02, 1.40)

 

311/5,810 (5%)

1.02 (0.87, 1.19)

 

Adjusted2

 

1.02 (0.86, 1.21)

  

1.06 (0.90, 1.26)

  

1.05 (0.89, 1.23)

 

Adjusted3

 

1.11 (0.89, 1.40)

  

1.23 (0.95, 1.58)

  

1.04 (0.85, 1.28)

 

5

Crude

297/5,585 (5%)

1.15 (0.98, 1.35)

 

94/2,046 (5%)

1.05 (0.83, 1.34)

 

286/5,674 (5%)

0.96 (0.82, 1.13)

 

Adjusted2

 

1.00 (0.84, 1.19)

  

0.90 (0.70, 1.16)

  

0.92 (0.78, 1.09)

 
 

Adjusted3

 

1.08 (0.85, 1.37)

  

1.01 (0.74, 1.39)

  

0.89 (0.71, 1.13)

 
  1. 1Analyzed using log-binomial models.
  2. 2Adjusted for maternal age, socio-economic status, parity, prepregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, partner’s smoking during pregnancy, solarium use during pregnancy, breastfeeding duration, child sex, maternal history of asthma, maternal history of allergies, paternal history of asthma, and paternal history of allergies, season of last menstrual period, and energy (in quintiles).
  3. 3Adjusted as in 2 plus fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, and intake of total EPA + DPA + DHA, vitamins A, C, and E, folate, calcium, selenium, and zinc (all in quintiles).
  4. 4Median values for each quintile entered as a continuous variable into the model. For continuous exposure the P-value reflects the P-value of the effect estimate.
  5. ISAAC: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
  6. EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid.
  7. DPA: Docosapentaenoic acid.
  8. DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid.
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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