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Table 1 Age-standardized covariates across quintiles of total vitamin D intake in 44,825 pregnant Danish women

From: Vitamin D intake in mid-pregnancy and child allergic disease – a prospective study in 44,825 Danish mother-child pairs

 

Quintile of total maternal vitamin D in pregnancy1

 

1

2

3

4

5

 

(n=8965)

(n=8965)

(n=8965)

(n=8965)

(n=8965)

Total Vitamin D (μg/day)

     

  Median

5.5

8.2

11.7

13.0

16.5

  5%-95%ile

1.8-7.1

7.3-9.4

9.9-12.3

12.4-14.0

14.2-27.4

Vitamin D from supplement (μg/day)

     

  Median

0

5.0

7.1

10.0

15.0

Vitamin D from diet (μg/day)

     

  Median

1.8

2.4

3.0

4.0

5.9

Maternal age in years (mean±SD) 2

     

 <=20 (19.2±1.0)

2

1

2

2

1

 20-25 (23.7±1.3)

19

16

20

20

16

 25-30 (28.0±1.4)

44

45

46

45

46

 30-35 (32.7±1.4)

28

30

25

26

29

 >35 (37.6±1.7)

8

7

6

7

8

Parity

     

 Nulliparous

49

52

59

58

63

Socioeconomic position

     

  High level proficiencies

22

24

24

22

27

  Medium level proficiencies

32

32

32

32

32

  Skilled

28

27

27

28

25

  Unskilled

13

12

12

13

11

  Students

3

4

3

3

4

  Unemployed

2

2

1

2

1

Pre-pregnancy BMI in kg/m 2 (mean±SD)

     

 <=18.5 (17.8±0.7)

4

4

4

5

4

 18.6-24.9 (21.7±1.7)

67

69

68

67

70

 25-29.9 (27.0±1.4)

20

20

20

20

18

 >=30 (33.7±4.1)

8

8

8

8

7

Breastfeeding duration

     

 No breastfeeding

2

2

3

2

2

 0-1 months

10

9

10

9

9

 2-3 months

10

10

11

11

11

 4-6 months

19

18

19

19

18

  >=7 months

59

61

57

58

60

Smoking in pregnancy

     

 Nonsmoker

75

76

76

74

77

 Occasional smoker

12

12

13

14

14

 Current smoker

12

11

12

12

10

Second-hand smoking

     

 Yes

46

46

45

47

44

Partner smoking

     

 Yes

29

28

29

29

28

Physical activity in min/week (mean±SD)

     

 0 (0±0)

64

61

61

61

57

 1-44 (29±7)

5

5

5

5

6

 45-74 (57±7)

9

10

9

9

10

 75-149 (105±19)

11

12

12

12

13

  >=150(265±162)

11

12

12

12

14

Outdoor activity in min/week (mean±SD)

     

 0 (0±0)

83

83

83

83

82

 1-59 (35±11)

3

2

2

2

2

 60-119 (79±17)

5

6

5

5

6

 >=120 (237±168)

9

9

10

9

10

Maternal asthma

     

 Yes

9

9

10

9

10

Maternal allergy

     

 Yes

32

32

32

32

33

Paternal asthma

     

 Yes

8

9

8

8

8

Paternal allergy

     

 Yes

24

25

25

24

26

Season of LMP

     

 Winter

27

26

26

25

27

 Spring

25

23

25

26

24

 Summer

21

24

23

24

23

 Fall

27

27

26

25

26

Total solarium use in pregnancy in weeks (mean±SD)

     

 0 (0±0)

76

75

74

74

72

 1-3 (1.5±0.7)

14

15

16

15

16

 4-20 (9.7±4.8)

8

8

8

9

9

 21-40 (30.3±4.0)

2

2

2

2

3

Child sex (male)

50

51

51

51

52

Gestational weight gain (g/week)

469(214)

468(211)

473(215)

474(213)

473(208)

Gestational age (days)

280(13)

280(13)

280(12)

280(13)

280(13)

Birth weight (g)

3,584(571)

3,598(571)

3,578(564)

3,572(567)

3,557(578)

Maternal food and nutrient intake

     

 Fruit intake (g/day)3

325(275)

319(255)

346(294)

332(265)

344(260)

 Vegetables intake (g/day)3

125(98)

129(95)

130(98)

130(93)

148(106)

 Energy (kJ/day)

10,073(2,683)

10,257(2,613)

9,919(2,637)

10,226(2,703)

9,727(2,663)

 Alcohol (g/day)

1.6(2.3)

1.6(2.4)

1.5(2.1)

1.5(2.0)

1.6(2.3)

 Total folate (μg/day)

466(188)

567(215)

680(162)

726(148)

758(224)

 Total calcium (mg/day)

1,456(490)

1,541(486)

1,526(516)

1,582(519)

1,753(618)

 Total EPA+DPA+DHA (mg/day)

48.3(318.3)

50.4(311.0)

65.0(359.9)

48.3(315.8)

75.4(396.8)

 Total vitamin A (μg/day)

1,227(557)

1,659(469)

1,399(506)

1,351(439)

1,545(669)

 Total vitamin E (mg/day)

16.4(34.8)

22.0(26.3)

19.6(29.1)

17.8(22.9)

23.8(40.0)

 Total vitamin C (mg/day)

191(135)

228(134)

235(136)

229(125)

264(161)

 Total selenium (μg/day)

62.9(25.2)

90.3(22.3)

80.3(21.2)

81.8(15.8)

92.5(28.5)

 Total zinc (mg/day)

18.8(7.2)

25.9(5.3)

22.4(5.6)

21.9(4.9)

24.4(9.3)

  1. Values are means(SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
  2. 1% or means (SD).
  3. 2Value is not age adjusted.
  4. 3Including fruit/vegetable juices.
  5. EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid.
  6. DPA: Docosapentaenoic acid.
  7. DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid.